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GREECE 



©y RENE PUAUX 




The Acropolis 



WITH REPRODUCTIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHS BY 

Frederic Boissonnas 

as shown at the greek government exhibition 

Paris, 1919 — New York, Baltimore and Philadelphia, i 
and a catalogue of thk collection 



GREECE 



GREECE 



Sy RENE PUAUX 



Translated by 

CARROLL N. BROWN, Ph.D. 

The College of The City of New York 



Greek Government Exhibition 

Grand Central Palace 

New York City 




Gift 
Publisher 
IUL 26 1920 






PREFATORY NOTE 

THE present translation of an article by \icnv Puaux has been prepared in 
connection with the Greek Government Exhibition, held in the Grand Cen- 
tral Palace, Lexington Avenue and Forty-seventh Street, from March 1-t 
to April 18th, 1920. 

This exhibition, which consists largely of the highly artistic work of the 
well-known Swiss photographer, Frederic Boissonnas, was first opened to public 
appreciation last year in the Boeotian Hall, Paris, while the Peace Conference was 
in session. More than fifty thousand persons there visited it and addresses were 
made from time to time by leading men of letters on the history, art, literature 
and present aspirations of Greece. 

Mr. Yenizelos, while fully aware of all that Ancient Greece has meant to the 
world, has hoped by this means to correct an impression which is all too prevalent 
in America that Greece is merely a land of ruined temples and shrines. While 
the magnificent columns of the Parthenon or the impressive remains of Mycenae 
and Cnossos may first allure the student or traveler, he soon finds himself swept 
away from ancient life and history by the charm of today. The delicate tints 
assumed by mountain. and valley in morning, midday and evening light are a 
restful contrast to the more garish colors of other lands. Monasteries like those 
of Athos and Meteora hang balanced on rocky and unscalable heights or like 
that of Megaspelaeon are built into caves on their sides. Quaint Byzantine 
churches challenge his interest as he journeys about the country in the quest for 
the picturesque, the historic and the beautiful. 

The Boissonnas photographs, many of which are here reproduced, serve not 
only to recall past impressions but arouse the desire to visit that fairy land which 
was the cradle of western culture and is today the home of the race which is best 
fitted to cope with the problem of the interrelations of East and West, and to 
mediate between the two differing civilizations. 

The women of a land not only transmit physical characteristics; the\ are 
the strongest conservators of language, custom, myth and religion. Of late 
years a strong effort has been made to preserve the homely arts of embroidery, 
weaving and rug-making. Mrs. Lucia Antony Zygomala has interested herself 
particularly in these forms of peasant handiwork and some of the finest spec- 
imens of Grecian weaving and embroidery vie in this exposition with skillful 
reproductions of ancient Greek vases, wall-paintings and sculpture. 

The article by Rene Puaux. a distinguished French journalist, who ha- made 
a special study of the Near East, is an able presentation of the claims of Hellen- 
ism, as based on race, history, language and religion, and most appropriately 
accompanies, explains and illuminates the scenes that the artisl so vividly brings 
before us. 



CHRONOLOGY 

The exhibition was brilliantly opened on Sunday afternoon, February 29th, 
with a reception given by His Excellency George Roussos, Envoy Extraordinary 
and Minister Plenipotentiary of Greece at Washington to a large number of the 
foremost citizens of New York and vicinity, who are interested in Greece of today. 

During the course of the exhibit, which continued until the 18th of April, 
lectures were delivered by the following gentlemen : 

March 5th : Professor Edward Capps of Princeton University, until recently 
Colonel in command of the American Red Cross in Greece and on the Balkan 
front, spoke on Greece of the Present. 

March 12th : Dr. Kendall K. Smith, Professor of Greek Literature at Brown 
University who was, during the war, engaged in Y. M. C. A. work in Greece, 
delivered an address on Eleutherios Venizelos, the Prime Minister of Greece. 

March 19th : Professor Alfred D. F. Hamlin of Columbia University spoke 
on Asia Minor as seen by him during a recent journey to the Orient as a repre- 
sentative of the Near East Relief Committee. 

March 25th : Professor Francis G. Allinson of Brown University gave a 
reading from The Clouds of Aristophanes, prefaced by a brief selection from 
this great poet's Ecclesiazousae. 

The American School of Classical Studies at Athens formed the subject of 
the last lecture of the series, which was delivered by Dr. Edward D. Perry, Jay 
Professor of Greek at Columbia University, on Friday, April 16th. 

These lectures, together with additional reproductions of some of the photo- 
graphs here exhibited, will be published in a later brochure. 

On March 13th a reception was given to the Greek Community of New York 
at which Professor Carroll N. Brown of The College of the City of New York- 
made a brief address on Greek character and ideals. 

Professor Aristides Phoutrides, Professor of Greek Literature in the Univer- 
sity of Athens, has been in charge of the exhibition in New York, and to his 
patience, courtesy and skill the success of the exhibition has been largely due. 

A Catalogue of the exhibition and of photographs and books which may be 
obtained from Frederic Boissonnas, Geneva, Switzerland, is to be found on 
pp. 49-55. 

April 25th-May 9th the exhibition will be opened in Baltimore at the Mary- 
land Institute under the joint auspices of Johns Hopkins University and the 
Maryland Institute. 

About May 17th the exhibition will be opened in Philadelphia at the Com- 
mercial Museum. 

Carroll N. Brovvx. 
April, 1920. 



THE GIFTS OF HELIOS 

(Upon seeing the Creek Government Exhibition of Photographs in New York City) 

Might we but make an odyssey — each one, 

To those old realms of poet-heritage 

Where stand, like outposts of the Golden Age, 

Fanes built to deities of Sea or Sun : — 

To climb, some morning, to the Parthenon ; 

Some day from Sunium's brow, let Fancy stage 

A shadowy sea-fight; or, make pilgrimage, 

Some quiet eve, to haunted Marathon ! 

But since our odyssey must be foregone, 
Come, then, and see what Helios has wrought 
For his loved land, who, line for line, has drawn 
Those majesties that so intrigue our thought, — 
Roof, arch, and column in these graphic prints. 
Where nought is lacking but their mellowed tints. 

Edith M. Thomas. 

Reprinted from The Sun and New York Herald 




ATHENS.-— Muse of Dclos. female figure of 

the Lysippus-type. Last half of fourth 

century. B. C. 



THE history of (.recce is intimately 
connected with that of European 
civilization. Literature, science and 
the arts owe to her those most remark- 
able creative geniuses who dominate suc- 
cessive generations by their masterpi 
of imperishable beauty. A galaxy of 
names like Homer, Phidias, Demos- 
thenes. Herodotus. Plato, Thucydides, 
Hippocrates, Alcibiades, Pericles. So- 
phocles. Aeschylus. Pythagoras, Euri- 
pides. Lycurgus, Solon, Aristotle, to cite 
only these, forms the most admirable roll 
of honor that any race has ever been 
able to offer to the world's veneration. 

Kenan wrote: "In the world's history 
there has been one miracle — I call a 
miracle something which happens but 
once — Ancient Greece. Yes. five cen- 
turies before Christ there came into ex- 
istence among men a type of civilization 
so perfect and so complete that it cast 
all that had preceded it into shadow. It 
was truly the birth of reason and of 
liberty. The citizen, the free man. made 
his first appearance among human be- 
ings. The nobility and simple dignity 
of this new man caused all that had 
before appeared royal and majestic to 
sink into insignificance. Morality, based 
on reason, declared itself in its eternal 
verity, with no admixture of super- 
natural fictions. The truth a- to the gods 
and nature was all but discovered. Man. 
delivered from the foolish terrors of his 
infancy, began to face his future with 
calmness. Science, that is to say. true 
philosophy, was founded. In art, what 
f ruitfulness ! ('.recce discovered beaut} 
a- she had discovered reason. The 1 
had made statues, but it was left for 
Greece to discover the secret of the true 
and the beautiful, the canon of art. the 
ideal." 

rile prodigious influence exerted bv 
('.recce On the evolution of humanitv i- 



so well-known that it is useless to en- 
large on this historical fact. The only 
error which is commonly made is to 
imagine that it was from Athens alone, 
or fpom its immediate environs, that this 
great civilizing movement took its rise, 
and that it was only in the shadow of 
the Parthenon that it burst forth into 
glorious bloom. We are too much habit- 
uated to thinking of Greece as being re- 
stricted within the narrow limits of the 
modern atlas. Greek civilization drank 
deep vivifying draughts in other lands 
than the Peloponnesus. The eastern 
shore of the Aegean Sea, this coast of 
Asia Minor with Smyrna as its great 
commercial port, together with the 
islands, formed an integral part of 
Greece and produced some of the most 
brilliant examples of Hellenic genius. 

It was in Greek Asia Minor that ex- 
perimental and rational science first 
sprang into existence. Mathematical 
science was born in Samos with Pytha- 
goras. The rudiments of biology and 
medicine we owe to Hippocrates of Cos, 
an island of the Dodecanese, and to 
Julian of Pergamum. The first map of 
the world was made by Anaxagoras of 
Miletus. 

The great geographers, Strabo and 







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Attica. — Relief from Eleusis, 

from the temple of Ceres, where the famous 

Eleusinian Mysteries were celebrated. 




MYCENAE (Peloponnesus).— The Lion Gate, one of the oldest architectural monuments in 

the world. 
10 




Pausanias, came from Amasia i Sam- 
soun) on the Black Sea, and from 
Caesarea. 

The historian Herodotus was from 
Halicarnassus. 

Homer was of Smyrna and the charm- 
ing poet Anacreon was likewise an 
Ionian. 

Finally, a fact brought out so truly 
by Alfred Croiset in his work on Ancient 
Democracies, the idea of justice as 
founded on reason and right, the very 
basis of democracy, came forth from 
Asia Minor. 

As Felix Sartiaux has said, "the 
Greeks were the first to substitute law 
for commandment, to replace compul- 
sion and constraint with persuasion and 
free consent. They, for the first time, 
brought to realization, in the case of the 
individual and society, that which the 
League of Nations seeks to accomplish 
between nations, and which it could not 
undertake if the ancient Greeks had not 
made the experiment and proved the 
theory. 

ATHENS. — Columns surmounting the 

Choragic Monument of Thrasyllus, above the 

Theatre of Dionysus. 




ATHENS. — The Acropolis, from the southwest; view taken from the northwest -lopes 

of the Museion. 

11 




ZEMENON— A village on northern coast of Peloponnesus, affording splendid views of the 
Corinthian Gulf and Mt. Parnassus, 8.700 feet high. 



SLAVERY 
AND FREEDOM 

WE cannot trace here, in this rapid 
survey, the complete history of 
Greece throughout the ages. Three 
great stages have marked its evolution. 
The first ended with the Roman Con- 
quest, the second with the establishment 
of the Byzantine Empire, of which Con- 
stantinople was the capital, and the third 
was the overwhelming of Hellenism at 
the time of the great Mussulman inva- 
sion in the fifteenth century. Greek 
civilization, which had resisted the 
brazen law of the Roman pro-consuls 
and had taken a new start in the rich 
ingenuity of Byzantine art, appeared to 
have received, at the time of the con- 
quest of Constantinople by the Turks 
(1453), the mortal blow which made it 
disappear as an active force in modern 
history. 

Two forces of a moral nature, religi- 
ous faith and patriotism, were destined 
to save Hellenism, in spite of the most 




ATHENS.— The north porch of the 
Ercchthcum. 



U 



frightful servitude 
to which a people 
has ever been sub- 
jected. 

For four centuries 
the Greeks, enslaved 
to the Turks, gath- 
ered around their 
Christian pastors, 
and. faithful to the 
grand traditions of 
their immortal past, 
awaited the hour of 
deliverance. This 
liberation finally 
came at the begin- 
ning of the nine- 
teenth century. The 
War of Independ- 
ence, which broke 
out in 1821, seemed 
destined, owing to 
the scantiness of the 




ATHENS.— The Temple of the 
Olympian Zeus. 



resources at the dis- 
posal of the Greek-, 
to an ignominious 

failure. But patriot- 
i s in accomplishes 
miracles. For seven 
years the Greeks, 
encouraged morally 
more than materially 
by the help of the 
Philhellenes w h o 
came to their aid 
from every country 
in Europe, struggled 
against the superior 
forces of the Sultan. 
The almost legend- 
ary heroism of its 
military and naval 
chiefs like Marco 
Bozzaris, Canaris, 
Miaoulis, of that en- 
ergetic and ardent 




ATHENS.— The Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheum, with the Propylea in the background 

at the left. 

13 




From the west frieze of the Parthenon. This frieze represents the Panathenaic Procession 

in honor of Athena. 



woman, Bouboulina, called forth in old 
Europe an enthusiasm that finally pre- 
vailed over the prudent selfishness of 
conservative governments. 

It was in support of Greek independ- 
ence that those liberals gathered who 
could not submit to the yoke of absolute 
monarchy that Metternich wished to im- 
pose on the old European continent. 
Once more did Greece render a service 
to the ideal of humanity. 

In 1827 the French, English and 
Russian squadrons, gathered in the Bay 
of Navarino, sunk practically all of the 
Turkish fleet, and thus obliged the Sultan 
to recognize the statute which gave the 
Greek people a measure of liberty. 
Greece, it is true, did not receive its old 
frontiers, nor did it gather all its sons 
under that bright flag which was raised 
against the blood-red banner of Mo- 
hammed. But Hellenism had not suf- 
fered four centuries of servitude only to 
renounce now those traditional aspira- 
tions which had been the ferment that 
had kept her vast resisting power alive 
and active. The independence of Pelo- 
ponnesus and the liberation of Athens 



were but one step. It remained to deliver 
Thessaly, Epirus, Macedonia, Thrace 
Greek Asia Minor, the Islands of the 
Aegean and Crete from the Ottoman 
yoke. This task, formidable in itself, 
clashed with the selfish interests of the 
great powers. Jealously eager as they all 
were to negotiate advantageous arrange- 
ments with the Ottoman Empire, which 
was utterly unable by itself to develop the 
territories that its hordes had once con- 
quered, they could only consider Greek 
aspirations as a nuisance. The inter-play 
of important European alliances, the ri- 
valry between England and Russia for the 
possession of Constantinople and the Dar- 
danelles, did not permit the voice of a 
little people to be heard. The Crimean 
War in 1854, when France and England 
supported Turkey against Russia, brought 
it about, as a secondary consequence, 
that these two countries, the chief pro- 
tectors of Greece at the time of the revo- 
lution were obliged, for the sake of the 
Sultan, their ally of the moment, to deny 
their liberal principles and to oppose by 
force the Greek attempts to unite Thes- 
saly and Epirus with the motherland. 




OLYMPIA.— The Temple of Zeus. 



ATTICA. — The Temple of Nemesis at 
Rhamnus. 



14 



While Hellenism thus experienced the 
repercussion of the larger European 
policy, the Greeks worked hard as indi- 
viduals to restore the power and glory of 
their country. Forced in large numbers 
to expatriate themselves by the aridity 
of a soil that the Turkish domination, so 
essentially destructive, had made barren, 
these Greeks of all classes, while seeking 
their fortunes abroad, never ceased to 



the intellectual and architectural adorn- 
ment of her cities. What a few Ameri- 
can millionaires have done for the large 
cities of the United States, thousands of 
Greeks, including alike the richest and 
the poorest, have done for their country. 
even long l>e fore the creation of Rocke- 
feller Institutes or Carnegie Libraries. 

In those parts of Greece that are still 
subject to the Turkish yoke, in which 




GREEK THEATRE AT EPIDAURUS (Peloponnesus).— Constructed by Polycleitus. the 
Younger, on the northwest slope of Mount Kynortion. It was and still is the most beau- 
tiful theatre in Greece. 



take pride in their famous land, and to 
cherish the desire to restore it to its 
ancient brilliance. The state, too poor 
to realize so vast a program of moral 
regeneration, was aided by multitudes 
of individuals. To such gifts and lega- 
cies Greece owes her university, her 
higher schools, her museums, her 
libraries, her institutions for physical 
education, her hospitals and in fact all 



the government at Athens could not inter- 
vene, private initiative has also conse- 
crated its best efforts, with unwearied 
generosity, to develop the love for the 
old traditions of Hellenism. 

The traveler who passes through the 
cities of Asia Minor, from the Sea of 
Marmora to the height of Rhodes, can 
be certain that in every city or town the 
two most imposing buildings, which make 



15 



such a striking 

contrast, with 

their modern 

architecture 

and their large 

windows t o 

the Turkish 

structures, with 

their narrow 

and grilled 

openings, are 

the Greek 

school and the 

Greek hospital. 

They will not 

be surprised, 

on entering the 

large rooms of the school, to see that the 

Turkish soldiers, who used the building 

as a shelter during the war, have taken 

pains to pierce with their bayonets or to 

blacken with torches the portraits of 

Homer and the other great Greek writers 

which decorate the walls. It is through 

education, the strongest bond between 

people, that the Greeks have maintained 

the cohesion of their race in spite of all 




DELPHI.— The Treasury of the 

sculptures mark an epoch in 

Athenian art. 



persecutions. 
Instruction is 
freely given to 
children of 
both sexes in 
contrast with 
the Mohamme- 
dan practice 
which leaves 
the women in 
an inferior po- 
sition. 

The largest 
girls' college in 
all the East is 
the Greek Col- 
lege of Con- 
stantinople, and the Homereion of 
Smyrna is a model institution. This 
force is one that nothing can conquer, 
for moral forces will surely win the final 
victory. A people that educates itself 
progresses, and the world will belong not 
to the strongest but to the most culti- 
vated. The Greeks understand this fact, 
and this has permitted them, in spite of 
infinite vicissitudes, to await the hour of 
justice, and to continue to hope. 



Athenians, whose 
the .history of 




DELPHI. — The Temple of Apollo. — "As we leave the village we suddenly behold the sanc- 
tuary. High up, in the hollow whence the Castalian Spring flows, it dominates the gloomy 
valley, and stretches out at the foot of the vertical cliffs that were known as the Phae- 

driades, or Shining Rocks. 
16 



MODERN GREECE 



no B 




ATTICA.— The Peiraeus, or Port of Athens. The harbor is one of the busiest in the 

whole Near East. 




PATRAS— The port which handles the most 

commerce in Greece, especially that in cotton, 

silk, olive-oil and currants. 



THE Conference of London (March, 
1829), which was a consequence of 
the battle of Navarino (1827) and 
of the Russian successes against Turkey 
(the capture of Adrianople and the 
Treaty of Adrianople, 1829), had created 
the independent kingdom of Greece. At 
the head of the kingdom was put Prince 
Otho, son of the King of Bavaria. 

The kingdom was at that time very 
small. It had a population of 650,000. 
and the country had been ravaged not 
only during the long Turkish administra- 
tion but also throughout the long years 
of the war which had just come to 
an end. 

The administration of King Otho, of 
his ministers and Bavarian soldiers, was 
far from happy. The Greek soldiers pro- 
tested against the German uniform that 
was imposed upon them. Finally a 
revolution forced Otho to dismiss his 
Bavarian ministers and to convoke a 
national assembly which decided upon a 
constitution (1844). 

The territorial development and en- 
largement of Greece, which the Confer- 
ence of London had so parsimoniously 
limited to the Peloponnesus. Attica and 
Boeotia, was obliged, owing to the 
Crimean War, to hang fire until the 
Congress of Berlin (1878), in order par- 
tially to realize its national aspirations 
through the joining of Thessaly and a 
part of Epirus to the kingdom. 



17 



APAXOMERIA IN THERA OR SAN- 
TORIX. — An island detached from its neigh- 
bors by a volcanic upheaval about 200 B. C. 

The second revolution (1862) forced 
King Otho to abdicate. He was re- 
placed by a Danish prince, George I. 
England, which since 1815 had kept 
possession of the Ionian Islands, which 
lie south of the Adriatic, (Corfu, Leucas, 
Cephalonia, Ithaca and Zante,) returned 
these to Greece in 1863. The new con- 
stitution of 1864 had established a par- 
liamentary regime with a single assembly 
elected by universal suffrage. 

In 1897 an unfortunate war, that broke 
out in connection with the Cretan in- 
surrection of that year, compelled Greece 
to pay Turkey a war idemnity, but this 
revolt was not in vain, for the Powers 
compelled Turkey to withdraw its troops 
from Crete and to accept, as Governor- 
General of the island, a son of the King 
of Greece. A new Greek land was thus 
rescued from the tyranny of Turkey. 
The man who had labored most actively 
for the union of Crete with its mother- 



CAXDIA OR HERAKLEION.— Ancient port 
of Cnossos, now a flourishing Cretan city. 



land was a young Cretan lawyer, named 
Eleutherios Venizelos. His father was 
one of the heroes of the Greek War of 
Independence (1821-1827) and had left 
him, as his only legacy, an ardent 
patriotism. 

Greece, as we have seen, had, ever 
since its labored renaissance, suffered 
from the bad administration of the 
Bavarian king, Otho, an administration 
which had provoked two revolutions; it 
had been exposed to the opposition of the 
Great Powers, which were temporarily 
allied with Turkey and it had recently 
passed through the anguish of an unsuc- 
cessful war. No opportunity had been 
given it in the calm of peace and the 
economic prosperity, which results from 
peace at home and abroad, to pursue its 
program of recovery. The weak finances 
of the state, insufficient and heavily bur- 
dened, paralysed all reformatory action. 




ITHACA (Ionian Islands). — Polls, a magnificent site, which fulfilled all the needs of a 
k _ _ maritime city in Homeric times. 

18 



We must take into 
account the particu- 
larly difficult and dis- 
couraging conditions 
in which Greece found 
herself at the opening 
of the twentieth cen- 
tury, (that is to say, 
twenty years ago), in 
order to be able to ap- 
preciate at their just 
Value the results of the 
work accomplished by 
Yenizelos. 

The arrival on the scene of a single 
man of an upright and decided char- 




ATTICA. — The Monastery of Kaisariani. 




a c t e r was 
enough to co- 
ordinate a 1 1 
the active and 
capable in e n 
of the country 
and to give 
Greece an ex- 
ceptional for- 
ward move- 
ment. By ap- 
pealing to 
France for a 
military mis- 
sion in order to reorganize the army. 
and to England for a naval mission 
to do the same for 
the n a v y , he put 
his country in 
shape to participate 
gloriously in the Bal- 
kan War against 
Turkey in 1912-1913, 
and victoriously to 
counter the treach- 
ery of Bulgaria 
in June, 1913, and 
to cooperate active- 
1 y and effectively 
with the Entente 
allies in Mace- 
donia in 1917 and 
1918. This same 
little Greek armv, in 



The Monastery of Daphni, on the road from Athens to Eleusis. 

19 



HI m m 

4 




well in the domain of 
economics and finance 
as in the elaboration 
of the laws of a social 
nature, assured him 
the enthusiastic sup- 
port of the Greek 
proletariat. A Dio- 
genes who was look- 
ing today for "a 
man," could put out 
his lantern forthwith. 
For a man was direct- 
ing the destinies of 
Greece. At the mo- 
ment when Austria 
and Germany let loose 
the European war, the 
statesmen of most of 
the neutral powers, 
terrified by the mili- 
tary power of 
Prussia, believed in 
her victory and 
oriented the policies 
of their countries ac- 
cordingly. The ex- 
pression of Alphonse 
XIII. of Spain has 
frequently been cited : 
"In Spain it is onlv 



19 19, brought 
aid to Rumania 
in protecting the 
southern part of 
Russia. 

The reforms 
introduced by 
Mr. Venizelos in 
the internal ad- 
ministration of 
the country, as 



the mob and myself that are for the 
Entente !" In Greece Venizelos did not 
hesitate. As between the victory of 
Prussia, representing the enslavement 
of humanity, and that of France and 
England which meant its liberation, there 
could be no hesitation. Venizelos had 
behind him the mass of the Greek people, 
but he was brought up full against the 
narrow and timorous conceptions of 
King Constantine who, dazzled by the 




MISTRA (Peloponnesus). — The Church of Pantanassia, con- 
structed under the Venetians and restored at the end of the 
nineteenth century. One of the masterpieces of Byzantine 
architecture. 

20 



war pomp of William II, believed in a 
sure victory for Germany, and did not 
wish, for anything in the world, to draw 
upon himself the anger of the "war 
lord." An uncurbed propaganda, financed 
with German gold, demoralized public 
opinion in Athens. This was sustained 
bv a certain number of Greek politicians 
who were so lacking in nobility of soul 
as to fail to understand the true import- 
ance of the bloody combat in which 
Europe was engaged. 

Venizelos, repudiated and dismissed by 
his sovereign, was not discouraged. He 
gathered about him the picked men of 
brain and action and went to Salonika, 
there to form a Provisional Government. 
From all parts of Greece volunteers re- 
sponded to his appeal, and the first Greek 
army was soon formed on the Macedon- 
ian front. Meanwhile the Allies, tired 
of the hostility of King Constantine, 
forced his abdication and compassed the 



deportation of the most guilty of his ad- 
visers. Greece was to regain her unity 
and to cooperate whole-heartedly in the 
combat against the predacious powers 
who had tried to subjugate the free na- 
tions of Europe, fimile Boutroux. a 
member of the French Academy, de- 
clared on January 5, 1919, that "we must 
attribute to the Greek army a decisive 
part in the Bulgarian debacle, which was 
the determining cause of the defeat of 
Austria and ultimately of Germany." 
So, too, General Franchet d'Esperey. 
Commander-in-Chief of the Allied 
Armies in the Orient, wrote to Mr. 
Venizelos on December 3, 1918: "At the 
moment when hostilities have just ceased. 
I experience a great desire to tell you 
how precious the cooperation of Greece 
has been to the allied armies of the 
Orient. * * * The bravery of the 
Hellenic troops has everywhere won the 
warmest eulogies of the Allies. The 
children are worthy of their sires." 




CORFU. — The Rock of Odysseus; also called the Island of the Rats. It gave the painter 
._ Bocklin the inspiration for his famous painting "The Island of the Dead." 

21 




EPIRUS.— Delvinaki. 



THE UNREDEEMED GREEKS 



ON the morrow of the victories 
over Turkey and Bulgaria in 
1912 and 1913, Greece had al- 
ready made a long step on the road to- 
ward the reconquest of its Alsace-Lor- 
raines. An important part of Mace- 
donia, including Salonika and Cavalla, 
the greater part of Epirus, with Jan- 
nina; the great islands of Chios and 
Mitylene had seen the Blue and White 
flag floating over them anew. Other 
hopes seemed destined to speedy realiza- 
tion. In fact, Italy, at the outbreak of 
the war with Turkey over Tripoli, had 
taken military possession of the islands 
of the Dodecanese, the twelve islands 
which extend to the south of Samos, 
along the coast of Asia Minor. The 
Italian government at that time declared 
that this occupation had only a temporary 
character and would cease with the exe- 
cution by Turkey of the clauses of the 
Peace of Lausanne. It appeared evident 
that these islands, peopled like all the 
islands of the Aegean, exclusively by 
Greeks, would ultimately revert to Greece. 



A small part of Northern Epirus also, 
that bordered on Albania, had not yet 
been restored to Greece, for Italian diplo- 
macy pleaded for its incorporation in 
Albania in order thus artificially to in- 
crease this new kingdom of which Italy 
soon hoped to make, if not a colony pure 
and simple, at least a protectorate of 
which she would have the fruitful ad- 
ministration. 

At the end of 1913, at the time when 
Italy demanded that there should be some 
such suspension of the legitimate aspira- 
tions of Greece for the union of North- 
ern Epirus, the situation was such in 
Europe that France and England were 
prompted to show themselves particu- 
larly friendly toward Italy. The rights 
of Greece disappeared before this anxiety 
to do nothing that might provoke dis- 
content on the part of this country, and 
strengthen the bonds which bound her to 
the Triple Alliance. Greek public opin- 
ion hoped that the loyalty of the Italian 
people would soon do away with this 



22 



opposition, which was 
simply a trick of imperial- 
istic diplomats, and even 
Mr. Venizelos advocated 
yielding, in the hope of 
arriving at a satisfactory 
agreement with the Cab- 
inet at Rome. The out- 
break of the European 
War soon modified things 
materially. Italy, not be- 
ing able to admit as true 
the fictitious objects for 
the attainment of which 
Austria and Germany at- 
tempted to justify the 
war, separated herself at 
once from her allies, and 
then turned against them. 
She had some justification 
for pride in having taken 
up the good fight at the 
side of the defenders of 
liberty, but being an 
ardent realist, she formed 
a conception of her in- 
terests which went far 
beyond the liberal idea, 
which by a rational evolu- 
tion had become the real 
reason for the coopera- 
tion of the Allies. She 
figured out the gains that 
the common victor y 
might bring her. At the 
time when President Wil- 
son, with the decisive sup- 
port of America, had 






OLYMPUS.— The Mountain of the Gods. 

23 



EPIRUS.— Jannina, the Citadel of Mi Pasha. 



brought forward as a gov- 
erning principle the idea 
that a distributive justice 
would be the guarantee 
for the peace of the 
world, and that all the 
Powers must break away 
from their dearest or even 
their most normal ambi- 
tions in order to think 
only of some means of 
arriving at a definite 
pacification of the peoples, 
Italy remained faithful to 
the old theories, so dear 
to all imperialists, accord- 
ing to which the victor 
need have no other anxi- 
ety than to aggrandize 
himself to the maximum. 
Although the bases of 
the League of Nations 
were laid in a mutual 
confidence, which day by 
day was to preclude more 
completely the dangers of 
a new conflict, and was 
normally expected to re- 
sult in an abandonment 
of standing armies, which 
were to be rendered use- 
less from now on. Italy 
formulated her claims on 
her need of possessing 
Strategic frontiers, a n d 
1) a s o s for her naval 
forces; in short, all the 
guarantees which a state 
demands which sees war 
before her as a necessity 



MACEDONIA.— Castoria. 



of the morrow. It was for 
this reason that she was un- 
willing to return the Dode- 
canese to Greece, and it 
was for this reason, too, 
that, in order to give 
strategic frontiers to the 
not yet existent kingdom of 
Albania, she opposed the 
union of Northern Epirus 
with Greece. She invoked 
on the other hand her 
economic interests and the 
necessity to find somewhere CONSTANTINOPLE 
the raw materials that she 
needed, especially coal, in order to lay 
claim to extensive colonial domains, par- 
ticularly in Asia Minor, without bother- 
ing her head about the nationality of the 
inhabitants of the territories that she 
intended to annex. 

This policy brought Italy into open 
conflict with Greece. Fortunately, owing 




-The Galata Bridge, and general view. 




CONSTANTINOPLE.— Exterior of 
Saint Sophia. 



a glorious tenacity, the respect that is due 
to those who struggle to regain that 
motherland from which oppression has 
separated them), was ignorant of the un- 
just demands that this old-fashioned di- 
plomacy was making in its name. A total 
reversion in their feelings took place 
when the question at issue finally became 
known. 

We must hope that a similar conver- 
sion will, in the same way change the 
American point of view, which has been 
shaped by the campaigns of certain mis- 
sionaries who are directly interested in 
the enlargement of the Albanian State 
for the sake of the development of their 
work. It is from America, today, that 
the only serious opposition to Hellenic 
aspirations comes. 

Meanwhile, Greece once more, as in 
1854, finds the private interests of the 
Powers blocking the way which leads to 
the fulfillment of her national aspira- 
tions. 



to a recent change in the 
personnel of the govern- 
ment, these difficulties are 
in a fair way to be 
smoothed out, and Epirus 
as well as the Dodecanese 
may reasonably hope for 
their union with Greece. 

The Italian people, 
(which knows, through the 
wonderful history of its 
own national unity, ob- 
tained at the price of end- 
less sacrifices and through 




CONSTANTINOPLE.— Interior of the Church of Saint 
Sophia, built in 552 by the Emperor Justinian. 

24 




SMYRXA.— The roadstead of 



The question of Constantinople is in 
the same situation. The possession of 
this so-called "key to the Orient" has 
been the cause of nearly all the European 
rivalries and conflicts. Russia, blocked 
at the lower part of the Baltic by Ger- 
many, saw in the conquest of Constanti- 
nople and the Dardanelles the only way 
to gain access to free waters. 

England, a great maritime power, and 
France, a great Mediterranean power, 
since they both dreaded the unknown 
policy which the entrance of a Russian 
fleet in the Mediterranean represented, 
were always opposed to this. Germany 
sought to profit by this rivalry, offering 
Turkey not only her support but an alli- 
ance in exchange for a preponderant 
position at Constantinople. From this 
German ambition came all the Balkan 
policy of the Central Empires which, 
step by step, brought on the conflict be- 
tween Austria and 
Serbia and then 
the World War. 

The events 
which have upset 
the world during 
these last f e w 
years have radi- 
cally changed the 
problem of Con- 
stantinople and 
the Dardanelles. 
The great Russian 
revolution, which 
has gone to the 
extreme limit of 
a B o 1 s h e v i s t 




SMYRXA.— General 
25 



the great Aegean port. 

paroxysm, has done away with the 
danger of Russian naval imperialism in 
the Mediterranean. Xo matter what evo- 
lution the form of government in Russia 
may be subjected to. whether toward a 
wiser Bolshevism or toward a conserva- 
tive reaction, it is perfectly clear that 
the Russia of tomorrow will have other 
anxieties than that of taking up once 
more the old naval policy of Czarism. 
The Mediterranean powers have no de- 
fensive interest in jealously closing the 
Black Sea. The more our European 
civilization develops along the line of a 
liberal and pacific spirit, the more the 
League of Nations becomes a reality, all 
the more does the problem of Constanti- 
nople from a military and international 
point of view disappear. The old capital 
of the Byzantine Empire which became 
the capital of the Ottoman Empire, if the 
fortifications of the Straits are razed 
and if cannons 
are forever ban- 
ished, will become 
an ordinary com- 
m e r c i a 1 port, 
which will be im- 
portant for its 
geographical po- 
sition hut whose 
' ssessor will n<>t 
for this re 
control the Medi- 
terranean. 

The old tradi- 
tion < of rivalry 
between the 
View. powers, with re- 



gard to Constantinople, have nevertheless 
remained to such a degree that no change 
appears to have been made in this classic 
problem of diplomacy. 

Owing to their failure to come to an 
understanding with each other and in 
the eager desire to favor nobody, they 
have come to think of maintaining the 
Sultan and Turkish domination, as being 
the only way to settle everything. No 
solution could be more immoral or more 
dangerous for the future. The capture 
of Constantinople and the transforma- 
tion of the famous church of St. Sophia 
into a mosque has always been for the 
Turks symbolic of their victory over the 
"dogs of Christians." To leave within 
their hands this symbolic trophy in spite 
of their defeat and the odious crimes of 
which they have been guilty toward the 
Armenians and Greeks, their subjects, is, 
in a way, to legitimize all their crimes. 
It is, furthermore, tantamount to en- 
couraging them in the future to take up 
anew their old policy of intrigue and to 
reopen at a given moment the question 
of the Orient which has been the initial 
cause of the whole European trouble. 

Why do the Powers shrink back before 
the only normal solution, which would 
be — since all the Great Powers are too 
jealous of each other to entrust to any 
one among them the mandate of Con- 




SMYRNA.— The Rug Bazaar. 

stantinople and since they know by ex- 
perience that an international organiza- 
tion is bound to degenerate into internal 
rivalries — to return to Hellenism its tra- 
ditional capital, for which it has been for 
centuries waiting? Greece would guar- 
antee to all the Powers free commercial 
rights, and would content herself with 
administrating the government of the 
city and its suburbs, in which she has 
365,000 of her children and which has 
been the true capital of Hellenism from 
most distant times. 

If the above solution is not adopted 
this will not in any way modify the 
historical claims of Greece, and the hour 
will only be postponed when, whether we 
will or no, Constantinople will be Greek. 
Hellenism, in fact, has the sovereign vir- 
ture of an invincible will, combined with 
great capacities for assimilation, hard 




SMYRNA. — A street in the Greek quarter. 
26 



work and development. The race is, 
furthermore, prolific and vigorous. It 
represents in the East the civilizing ele- 
ment which will progressively replace 
the decadent Turk. Far better would it 
be, for the sake of the general good, to 
resolve the oriental problem once and for 
all, than to be satisfied with half-way 
measures which will leave the field open 
for new complications, for struggles 
whose distant consequences can never be 
foreseen. 



power by which the different states were 
to have a force nearly equivalent, and 
this balance was to guarantee the main- 
tenance of peace. Experience has 
shown that this was an illusion, since 
everything depended on the use that each 
state intended to make of its power. The 
conclusion has been reached that the 
best safeguard is to weaken the wicked, 
in order to take from them all desire to 
interfere with international law and 
order. 




SMYRNA— and its port. 



That which is true of Constantinople 
is equally true of the territories of Mace- 
donia, Thrace and Asia Minor, whose 
Greek populations demand union with 
the motherland. 

It is calculated that in Western Asia 
Minor, bordering the Aegean Sea, there 
are about two million Greeks (it will be 
understood that statistics under the 
Turkish regime were inaccurate). In 
Thrace, that is to say, in all the region 
around Adrianople between Demotika 
and Constantinople, there are about four 
hundred thousand Greeks as against 
seventy thousand Bulgarians. 

People have long believed in the ad- 
vantages of the policy of the balance of 



Bulgaria, on this principle, deserves an 
exemplary lesson. She has shown her- 
self unworthy of the confidence which 
Europe, in its benevolence and good 
faith, accorded the young nation when, 
in 1912, she entered into the war against 
Turkey at the side of Serbia and Greece. 
She has no excess of population to ap- 
peal to, in order to demand an enlarge- 
ment of her territory, and she has shown 
such savagery toward her former allies, 
that she has definitely forfeited the 
world's good opinion. 

It is impossible to leave under the 
domination of a Bulgarian minority terri- 
tories peopled largely by Greeks, thus 
devoting to Bulgarian persecution those 



27 




SALONIKA. — The citadel dominates the town which is enclosed in the prolongation 

of its walls. 



who have escaped the persecution of the 
Turks. 

In Asia Minor the Supreme Council of 
the Allies authorized the Greeks to oc- 
cupy the region of Smyrna. The Greek 
troops there came into collision with the 
armed bands recruited by the members 
of the former Young Turk Committee, 
who are the devoted adherents of the 
Germans. These fanatics cannot permit 
the Greeks who were for five centuries 
their slaves to raise their heads and claim 
their independence today. The vast 
pride of a certain category of Mussul- 
mans would thus be grievously wounded. 
This pride is exploited by foreign propa- 
gandists for their own selfish ends. But 
this can only be a factitious and tempo- 
rary agitation. The Greek administration 
is profoundly tolerant, and the Mussul- 
mans, who have experienced this toler- 
ance in other parts of the kingdom, have 



been the first to recognize this and to 
live on the best of terms with the Greeks. 

Under the Greek administration the 
coastal provinces of Asia Minor will en- 
joy a prosperity that Turkish neglect has 
always hindered. When Greece has as- 
sumed her proportional part of the Otto- 
man debt, the French bondholders may 
be assured of not losing any of their 
invested capital. 

In this new "Greater Greece" the 
French, who have all along been called 
in as friends and advisors of old Greece, 
will find a large field for their activity. 
Europe in this expansion of Hellenism 
will find a new guarantee against the 
disorders of an Asiatism against which 
Slavism has been unable to defend it- 
self. The Greek proletariat, sober, in- 
dustrious, attached to the sane and sound 
traditions of family life, is an element 
of social and international peace. 




SALONIKA. — The Quays where vessels of all sizes lie moored. 

28 



ECONOMIC 

AND SOCIAL 

PROGRESS IN 

GREECE 



GREECE was for four centuries 
under a regime which hindered 
the development of all wealth. 
The Turkish pashas, by plundering any- 
one who sought to save the fruit of his 
labor, reduced agriculture to the sole 
production of daily necessities. When, 
finally, the Turks were driven out of 
Greece at the time of the Greek War of 
Independence, "it seemed," so the 
French diplomat M. Lefebvre-Meaulle 
wrote "that no human effort could re- 
pair the immensity of the disaster." The 
Turks had destroyed, cut down, and 
burned everything. 

The Greeks were obliged not only to 
repair but to rebuild their homes. The 
figures speak eloquently. 

In 1834 the population was 651,233; in 
1896 it had reached the number of 2,433,- 
806, by the addition, to be sure, of the 
Ionian Islands and of Thessaly, but the 
density of population per kilometer was 
13.2 in 1834 and 37.6 in 1896. The city 
of Athens, in fifty years, grew from 
30,590 inhabitants to 167,479; the port 
of Piraeus during the same period grew 
from 5,434 to 73,579. 

To this increase in population an un- 




At the summit of Parnassus. 

interrupted effort in the domain of public 
instruction corresponds. The proportion 
of people able to read and write was 
larger in 1907 than in Bulgaria, Ru- 
mania and Serbia, and attained that of 
the great western lands. The number of 
pupils in the primary schools rose from 
250,809 in 1907 to 291,296 in 1913. The 
Greek people is, above all else, eager for 
education. There are no sacrifices that 
it will not make to this end. It knows 
that nothing can be accomplished by a 
people living in ignorance. 

It is interesting to note the place taken 
by the French language in the school 
system, in which for a long time French 
has been obligatory for the four higher 
classes. Popular courses in French have 
been organized by the Franco-Hellenic 
League, and the Alliance Franchise, and 
their success has been such that it has 
been impossible to satisfy all demands 
for lack of school room accommodation 
and a sufficient number of teachers. 

The French schools which are today in 
operation in Greece number forty-four of 
which nineteen, with 3.019 pupils, are 
for boys and twenty-six, with 3.710 
pupils, are for girls. 




ZEMENON (Peloponnesus).— in< 
priest and his family. 



\ Peloponnesian Dance. 



29 



At Salonika there are four establish- 
ments of the French Lay Mission, which 
include a gymnasium, a school of com- 
merce and an annex. The number of 
their pupils, which was 547 in 1913, the 
date of the Hellenic occupation, jumped 
from 578 in 1914 to 1,724 in 1919. 

One of the gymnasiums of Athens is 
to be entirely reorganized by French 
masters according to French methods, 
and will serve as a model for the re- 
organization for all the others. A nor- 
mal school for teachers of French is like- 
wise about to be established under the di- 
rection of a French university mission. 
All those who have traveled in Greece 
have been surprised at the numbers, 
even among the common people, who 
speak and understand French. It has 
almost become a second national lan- 
guage. 





CORFU.— The Well of Gastouri. 



Z ALO N GO .— The precipice over which 

seventy women of Soldi, dancing and singing, 

jumped with their children to death rather 

than surrender to the Turks. 



ECONOMIC 
DEVELOPMENT 

THE Greeks have always been 
famous as sailors and merchants. 
The losses of their merchant marine dur- 
ing the war, which amounted to more 
than 500,000 tons, sufficiently indicate 
their activity in this domain; but what 
is less well known is their incessant 
struggle to make their land productive 
to the highest possible degree. 

Greece by its mountainous nature is a 
country difficult to cultivate. It has only 
about 20% of cultivable land. The 
climate, which is warm, dry and variable, 
is ill adapted to the cultivation of grains 
and rather favors that of the vine, the 
olive, fruit trees, tobacco and cotton, 
which are paying products, but are in- 
tended for exportation rather than for 
local consumption. Small proprietors 
are the rule, and in spite of disadvan- 
tages and the difficulty of finding the 
necessary capital for an intensive ex- 
ploitation of the soil, the country which 
the Turks seemed to have ruined forever 
has developed with a marvelous rapidity. 
Greek emigrants have come back from 



30 




THE CORINTH CANAL, which connects the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf. It is 
6,540 meters long. 22 meters wide, and 8 meters deep. 



America with capital and scientific in- 
formation on agriculture. Modern ma- 
chinery and fertilizers have made their 
appearance, as well as agricultural co- 
operative associations which numbered, 
in 1919, 820 with 52,648 members and 
a capital of 2,515,000 drachmas. More 
than half of these are cooperative credit 
associations to which the National Bank 
of Greece, by virtue of its charter of 
1915 is bound to advance money to the 
amount of twenty-five million drachmas. 
The success of this movement has been 
such that Mr. Jiassemides, a high official 
of the Ministry of Agriculture, who was 
furthermore the soul of the movement, 
has found enough readers among these 
members to assure the existence of a 
special review. This progress in agri- 
culture would not have been possible if 
the State had not at the same time 
busied itself with the draining of the 
swamps, which are always a source of 
deadly fevers. In order to fight ma- 
laria, a law promulgated in 1908 insti- 
tuted the public sale of quinine which 
was distributed by the State in the small 
villages. To give an example of the 
work undertaken to combat this disease, 
it is enough to dwell upon the under- 
taking of the draining of the swamps of 
Lake Copais which have been trans- 
formed into cultivable land, which yields 
in average years agricultural products 



valued at 3,500,000 francs and which 
recently attained the ten million franc 
mark; 2,700 families of metayers (cul- 
tivators who share the profits equally 
with the owner) are settled in this vast 
territory. Dr. Sotiropoulos, in 1917. 
said to the learned Professor Andreades. 
Doctor of the Faculty of Law of Paris : 
"When I, ten years ago, became a phy- 
sician at Orchomenos, I made 4.000 in- 
jections of quinine a year. When last 
year I left this town, I had made only 16. 
The draining of Lake Copais and the 
quinine given by the State had nearly 
caused malaria to disappear." 

As we have stated above, Greece, like 
many European countries, did not pro- 
duce enough wheat for its own con- 
sumption. It obtained its wealth from 
other products like currants ( the area 
thus cultivated increased from 380 
hectares in 1830 to 65,843 in 1914 
bacco (from 2,600 hectares in 1860 to 
25,580 in 1916; according to recent sta- 
tistics of the Ministry of Agriculture 
the value of the product in 1 () 17 was 
eighty million franc-), olives (sixty-five 
million francs of oil and eleven million 
francs of olives), vineyards I the extent 
of which increased from 2,500 hectares 
in 1830 to 36,894 in 1848, ? { >S^) i„ 1S75 
and 165,087 in 1916). The value of the 
wine produced in 1916 was ninetv-ei^ht 
million franc-. 



3\ 






ISLAND OF SYRA — Commercial centre of the Cyclades. Its capital Hermoupolis, a town 
of 30,000, owes its origin to the refugees from Chios and Psara in 1821. 



If we consider what the Greeks have 
been able to do in so short a time with 
a poor, mountainous, devastated country, 
it is easy to foretell what they will do 
with the fertile regions of Macedonia, 
Thrace and Asia Minor, which have 
been for so long left undeveloped by 
Turkish neglect. Old Europe will there 
find the wheat which formerly came to it 
from Russia, whose bloody political ex- 
periments have dried up this source of 
supply and interrupted exportation. 
Europe will be freed from the increas- 
ingly heavy obligations which she has 
been compelled to assume toward the 
American market, which is the only 
great producer of wheat capable of 
furnishing a supply. 

If agriculture forms the essential 
basis of the life of nations, industry is 
the sign of their international progress. 
The development of industry in Greece 
has met with four obstacles : first, a 
foreign competition which has increased 
along all lines and which could not be 
met by prohibitive import duties ; second, 
to an absence of raw materials, especial- 
ly of coal : third, to a dearth of capital 



and, fourth, to a lack of engineers and 
experienced workmen. 

In 1867 Greece had only twenty-two 
factories. In 1896, with the exception of 
gas and electricity plants, there were only 
six stock companies in existence. Since 
1904 Greece has made an unexpected in- 
dustrial advance. In fourteen years the 
capital of the companies has been in- 
creased tenfold. It has risen from 
7,700,000 francs to 85,900,000. In 1917 
there were 2,213 industrial enterprises 
with 36,124 workmen. 

During the war Greek ingenuity found 
substitutes which were designed to re- 
place certain products. Thanks to stafi- 
dine (grape sugar extracted from 
raisins) they made up for the lack of 
sugar, and thanks to motorine (derived 
from resin and alcohol) they made 
amends for the lack of benzine; the de- 
velopment of lignite mines, in which the 
sub-soil of Greece is very rich, has per- 
mitted them to dispense with English 
coal. The lignite production which 
amounted to 20,000 tons before the war 
reached the figure of 152,240 tons in 
1917 and 200,000 tons in 1918. 



32 




ATHENS.— The University. 



THE FUTURE OF GREATER GREECE 



THE principal argument of the ad- 
versaries of Greece, who cannot 
deny her ethnic rights to realize 
the union of all her children, is that the 
Greeks will not know what to do with so 
much new territory, and that it is there- 
fore better to leave this in the hands of 
the Turks, with whom the great Euro- 
pean companies can continue to do good 
business. Even if the second part of 
this reasoning is capable of being de- 
fended from a narrow and selfish point 
of view, though it is by no means proven 
that there is no future for foreign enter- 
prise in new Greece, the first affirmation 
is refuted by the results of the opening 
up of Thessaly. Up to the time of the 
Congress of Berlin (1878) Greek 
Thessaly remained under Turkish dom- 
ination. In 1881 it was finally united 
with Greece. These very pessimists then 
declared that Thessaly was doomed to 
ruin. The very opposite is proven by 
conclusive statistics. In 1881 the popu- 
lation of the new provinces was 293,993 
souls. This had become 422,577 in 1907, 
which meant an average annual increase 
of 1.72%. 

This average is exceeded by only one 
European country, Belgium, which 



reached, before the war, 2.03%. France 
had an increase of .16%, Italy .66%, 
Spain .69%, Great Britain .87%, Holland 
1.39% and Prussia 1.54%. If the war 
between Greece and Turkey in 1897, 
which centered in Thessaly, had not 
brought about great disturbances in this 
province, it is probable that the statistics 
of the population of Thessalv would to- 
day surpass those of Belgium. Xo cen- 
sus has been taken since 1907 and the 
estimated population todav is more than 
500.000 souls. 

The most evident sign of an increase 
in prosperity is the constant rise in the 
value of land, which has nearly tripled. 
Factories have been built, means of com- 
munication put through and public se- 
curity has been reestablished. Thessaly 
today has 386 kilometers of railroads. 

In 1881, at the time of the liberation, 
iron ploughs did not exist. In 1 ( >01 there 
were in Thessalv 10,000 of them. Thes- 
salian farmers have obtained from 
America a special kind of mower adapted 
to the nature of the soil, and cultiva 
tion is now carried on with the most im- 
proved machinery, including tractor- 
drawn ploughs. 

According to the investigation *>f 1915 



33 



the agricultural products <of Thessaly 
were valued at more than sixty million 
francs. Now all this progress has been 
realized under very unfavorable condi- 
tions. From 1880 to 1915 Greece and 
Turkey were twice engaged in war and 
on three other occasions were on the 
very verge of hostilities. This state of 
perpetual tension kept away from Thes- 
saly, as being a frontier province, not 
only capital but workmen. Turkey, 
furthermore, by refusing to connect the 
Greek railroads with those of Macedonia 
deprived Thessaly of all outlet toward 
the north. 

The transformation wrought in Thes- 
saly is a pledge for the future of the new 
territories which the Peace Conference, 
in the spirit of justice, will unite with 
the Kingdom of Greece. Now that 
Larissa and Salonika are connected by 
rail, continental Greece is in direct con- 
tact with Europe, whereas in former 
times there was only connection by sea. 

The fast expresses will cover the dis- 
tance between Paris and Athens in three 
days. 

Macedonia and the extensive territo- 
ries of Thrace, in great part uncultivated 
under the Turkish regime, will soon be 
brought under intensive cultivation, and 
the same will be true of Asia Minor. 

Greece from being a very small power 



will pass to the rank of powers whose 
importance cannot be neglected. This 
transformation can only be to the ad- 
vantage of sound democratic ideas in 
Europe. In the eastern basin of the 
Mediterranean, at the very gates of Asia 
and of that vast Slav world, whose politi- 
cal convulsions assume the strangest and 
most disturbing forms by their very 
violence, it is well that there should be 
a self-controlled, industrious people, fully 
unified by the love of the old traditions 
of classic culture and refusing to be de- 
luded by any of the chimaeras of crazed 
demagogues. The Greeks are tolerant, 
ethnically and religiously. The state 
grants subventions to the Jewish schools 
in just the same way that it grants to 
the Mussulmans a share in the govern- 
ment, rigorously equal to that of its 
other citizens. The Chamber of Deputies 
and the Municipal Councils are open to 
them, and in spite of the very short 
period during which Greek administra- 
tion functioned in reconquered Mace- 
donia, Mr. Venizelos had the live satis- 
faction of receiving unsolicited testimony 
from Jews and Mussulmans of high rank 
as to the justice of the new adminis- 
tration. 

In two years Greece will celebrate the 
centennial of her resurrection. By their 
marvelous attachment to the soil of 



.■- ■ ■-■ 




ATHENS. — The Zappion. The Exhibition building of the Greek Capital. 

34 



their ancestors, by their 
faith in the destinies of 
their land, by their unin- 
terrupted efforts to re- 
store its oldtime glory the 
Greeks have shown them- 
selves worth y of the 
ardent sympathy with 
which all Europe has em- 
braced their struggle to 
regain their liberty. 

Chateaubriand wrote in 
1825 : "Shall our century 
see hordes of savages 
stifle civilization as it is 
reborn in the 
tomb of a people 
which gave the 
world its civiliza- 
tion? Shall Chris- 
tianity calmly 
permit the Turks 
to cut the 
throats o f 
Chris 




Saluting the Colors. 



ported and are dead : 
150,000 have been put into 
the labor battalions and 
are dead; 250,000 have 
taken refuge in Greece. 
To these figures we must 
add 350,000 who fled to 
Greece before the entrance 
of Turkey into the war 
as a result of the p< 
cutions of 1913-1914. 

If the Turks were capa- 
ble of reform and had 
been able, in the course of 
the nineteenth century, to 
find some way of 
adapting himself 
to modern civili- 
zation, it might 
have been possible 
to hope for some- 
thing at the time 
of the Turkish 
r e v o 1 ution 
and t h e 




tians ? 
The first 
decades of the 
twentieth century, 
alas, have seen the Turks 
cutting the throats of Ar- 
menian, Greek and Syrian 
Christians. The corre- 
spondent of the Morninz 
Post of London wrote 
from Constantinople 
in December, 1918, 
the following: 

The massacre- i >f 
the Greeks, organ- 
ized by the Turks 
and Germans, have 
like the massacres of 
the Armenians, had as 
their sole end, the ex- 
termination of a race; 450, 
000 Greeks have been de 



The Cruiser Lenuior, 
formerly of U. S. Navy. 




Creek Field Artillery 
35 



dethrone- 
m e n t of 
Abdul- Hamid. 
Liberal Europe gave an 
enthusiastic greeting to the 
work of the Young Turks 
of the Committee of Union 
and Progress. The crea- 
tion of an Ottoman 
Parliament, presided 
over by Ahmed Riza. 
who was well known 
in positivist circles 
in Paris, gave good 
ground for hope. 

Experience u n - 

fortunately showed 

that the Young 

Turks, who had been 

educated in our west 

European universities, 

had only taken up the hoi- 



lowest sort of phraseology, without in the 
least adopting the spirit of these institu- 
tions. 

These same Young Turks, who were 
compared with the great men of the 
French Revolution, have shown them- 
selves the most enthusiastic allies of Ger- 
man imperialism and the most ferocious 
executioners of defenseless nationalities. 

The evil is past remedy. Lord Derby 
in 1875 said : "We have for twenty years 
guaranteed the sick man (Turkey) 
against being put to death, but we could 
not guarantee that he would not commit 
suicide." 

Turkey, in massacring her subjects, 
has definitely committed suicide. It must 
not be permitted her to murder those who 
still live. There is no room in this 
world, at the beginning of an era of 
liberty and hard work, for lazy and 
bloodthirsty tyrannies. The whole sys- 
tem of the exploitation of the humble 
workingman by pashas, beys, viziers and 
valis must disappear and give place to 
that democratic organization of which 
Greece gave the world the first example. 

The sentence was definitively pro- 
nounced on the 25th of June, 1919, by 



the Peace Conference, which, in reply- 
ing to the Turkish delegation, declared : 

Not a single instance has ever been 
found in Europe, Asia or Africa where 
the establishment of Turkish domination 
has not been followed by a diminution of 
material prosperity, and a lowering of the 
level of culture; and there is also no 
case where the release from Turkish 
domination has not been followed by an 
increase in material prosperity and a 
raising of the cultural level." 

The hour has come to settle, once and 
forever, this oriental question, which has 
been a perpetual source of European con- 
flict. It must not come about that the 
Great Powers, impelled by renascent 
rivalries in their colonizing aspirations 
in Asia Minor, should again place their 
peoples before the dreaded eventuality of 
recourse to arms. By giving to Greece, 
what is hers, by the strictest application 
of the principle of nationalities, we may 
close one of the darkest chapters of his- 
tory and give to one of the most illustri- 
ous and heroic peoples of the western 
world a chance to pursue its way toward 
a goal from which it was blocked during 
four long centuries of slavery. 




PARIS. — The Victory Parade (July 14, 1919). — Detachments of Greek troops passing 

through the Arch of Triumph. 



36 




57 




38 



The following are a few of the press notices which 
appeared in the New York papers: 



The Sun and the New York Herald, 
February 29, 1920. 

GREECE SHOW'S 

HER BEAUTIES IN 

ART PHOTOGRAPHS 



Government Sends Exhibition Here 

Depicting the Country's 

Advantages. 



An art exhibition of remarkable character 
is that sent here by the Greek Government, 
which opens to-day with a private view and 
to-morrow to the public in the Grand Central 
Palace. It is for the greater part a record 
in exceedingly clever photography of the his- 
toric Greek temples, the most famous ex- 
amples of architecture that the world has yet 
produced, and the inadequately known scenes 
of natural beauty in Greece, which must have 
had so much to do with inspiring the heroes 
of antiquity, and are to-day as beautiful as 
ever they were. 

The present exhibition, which already has 
been showai in Paris and had a great success 
there last summer during the Peace Con- 
ference, is designed to offset the opinion that 
Greece is exclusively a land of ruins. It has 
ruins, of course, as the photographs show, and 
these are the pride and glory of the whole 
world, but it has much besides. It has a 
picturesque and wholly delightful modern 
life, both pastoral and urban. It has un- 
rivalled and greatly diversified scenery and 
a wealth of extraordinary show places in ad- 
dition to the famous temples. 

Artists' Work of Years. 

Practically all the views have been taken 
by a well known artist, Frederic Boissonnas, 
who has devoted many years to this work. 
Mr. Boissonnas has done a thing that few of 
the future tourists will do — he has ascended 
the highest peak of Mount Olympus to the 
seat of the gods, and on the way has recorded 
many wonderful glimpses of lakes, old palaces 
and roads, lifelike groups of old and young 
people busy in the orchards or herding the 
flocks, and in every case as idyllic as they 
were in the time of Theocritus. 

The artist has visited the new provinces of 
Greece and has travelled from Salonica, the 
capital of Macedonia, to the northern end of 
Epirus. He has retraced the journeys of 
Ulysses in the islands of the JEgean and 
Ionian seas, and at last even photographs the 



massive and ancient palaces of Cnossos, I - 
tyn and Phaestus. He photographs also many 
of the stalwart and picturesque Cretans, who 
are very proud of the fact that their island 
was the birthplace of the new great leader, 
Eleutherios Venizelos. There is also a pic- 
ture of the Stymphalian Lake, the scene of 
some of the exploits of Hercules, but now 
very peaceful and placid, and about to yield 
up its excellent waters as a drinking supply 
to distant Athens as soon as the new aque- 
duct can be built. 

Mr. Boissonnas, indeed, photographs with 
rare skill. He is unusually successful with 
water effects and atmospheric clouds. That 
he has temperament, also, is proved by the 
fact that he reaches his highest mark with 
the Parthenon. Of course, he simply had to. 
To have failed with so famous a theme as 
the Parthenon would have been tragic. But 
an untemperamental photographer might have 
done so. However, Mr. Boissonnas has 
achieved one of the finest pictures of the 
great edifice that have ever been brought 
here. The compactness and the relationship 
of the various buildings upon the Acropolis 
have never been better shown. There are also 
fine studies of the Eleusinian Temple of the 
Mysteries, of the Apollo oracle at Delphi and 
of the Shrine of Delos. 

Monasteries Are Pictured. 

A series of pictures that is sure of popular 
success, because somewhat startling, is that 
portraying the monasteries of the Meteora 
of Thessaly. They are perched on rocky 
cliffs, only about 700 or 800 feet high, but so 
precipitous that the monks have to ascend in 
a basket drawn up by ropes. All of the sur- 
roundings of the monastery are romantic in 
the extreme. 

With the photographs are exhibited repro- 
ductions of famous statues, wall decoration s, 
ancient swords and daggers, pottery and lace. 
One of the mighty swords is a replica of that 
supposed to have been used by Agamemnon. 
The handle, a round knob of gold, has a 
fanciful design, which at first sight seems 
floral in character, but which when examined 
closely proves to be a decorative arrangement 
of lions' heads. 

Considerable space on one of the fioor- oi 
the Grand Central Palace has been metamor- 
phosed into a tasteful art gallery for this 
occasion, which will surely make a Strong 
appeal to the pride of the native Greeks who 
are citizens here, and ought to appeal with 
especial force to all of the educated in the 
community. The collection, in fact, has 
much educational value that it ought not to 
be allowed to return to Greece until after it 
has made a little tour in this country, pre- 
ferably to all the colleges. 



39 



The Sun and the New York Herald, 
March 1, 1920. 

GREECE PORTRAYED 

IN FINE ART DISPLAY 



Ancient Glories of Nation Blend With 

Modern Enterprise and 

Beauties. 



FIRST VIEW IS A SUCCESS 



Hellenic Government Opens Exhibition 

in Grand Central 

Palace. 



The art exhibition sent to New York by 
the Greek Government to make better known 
here the beauties and enterprise of modern 
Greece as well as the glories of ancient Greece 
opened yesterday afternoon at the Grand 
Central Palace with a private view attended 
by many prominent men and women of the 
city. 

The several hundred guests were received 
by George Roussos, Greek Minister to the 
United States. Officials of the Government 
of Greece were on hand to give information 
to the guests. The exhibition, the greater 
part of which consisted of art photographs 
by Frederic Boissonnas, was shown in 
Boeotian Hall in Paris last summer while 
the Peace Conference was in session. There 
at least 50,000 people saw the display. 

People who know of Greece from books 
only are likely to think of it as a great 
ancient country, now of little importance, a 
country of ruins. It was to counteract this 
impression that the Greek Government, at the 
instance of Premier Venizelos, caused this 
exhibition. During March the exposition will 
be open daily, including Sunday. It will last 
only a month. 

The ancient Greece of heroic days is skill- 
fully blended with the modern country by the 
cunning camera of the artist, who spent sev- 
eral years in the task. He has been particu- 
larly successful with the temples of the coun- 
try. Those who have never seen Greece were 
amazed yesterday at the beauty and splendor 
revealed by the art photographs. There were 
also beautiful modern reproductions of 
swords, daggers, pottery, statuary and wall 
paintings as well as lace-work and embroid- 
ery o-f the present day. A vivid idea of 
Greece present and past may be had by in- 
specting the art display in the galleries. 

The exposition is held under the auspices 
of the American-Hellenic Society of this city, 
of which Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler is presi- 
dent. This organization, which has the wel- 
fare of Greece and the maintenance of 
friendly relations between this country and 
Greece at heart, numbers among its members 
and officers such men as Elihu Root, Charles 
W. Eliot, Jacob Gould Schurman, Frederic 
R. Coudert, Thomas W. Lamont, W. Fellowes 
Morgan and George M. Whicher. 

Notable Persons Are Guests. 

Among those invited to attend the private 
view were : Former Secretary of the Treas- 
ury and Mrs. William G. McAdoo, George 



W. Wickersham and Mrs. Wickersham, Dr. 
and Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler and Miss 
Butler, French High Commissioner Maurice 
Casenave and Mile. Casenave, Mr. and Mrs. 
William D. Guthrie, Col. and Mrs. E. M. 
House, Mr. and Mrs. John Agar and Miss 
Agar, the Consul-General of Italy and Mme. 
Trilony, Judge and Mrs. Francis K. Pendle- 
ton, Mr. and Mrs. W. Lanier Washington, 
Gen. and Mrs. J. Fred Pierson, the Consul- 
General of Great Britain and Mrs. H. Gloster 
Armstrong, with Miss Armstrong ; Mr. and 
Mrs. Samuel Sloan, Mr. and Mrs. F. A. S. 
Franklin, Frank A. Munsey, William Allen 
Butler and Miss Butler, Robert Oliphant, Mr. 
and Mrs. Stephen H. Oiin, Mr. and Mrs. 
Astor Bristed, Mr. and Mrs. S. Reading Ber- 
tron, Chief Magistrate William McAdoo, Mrs. 
and Miss McAdoo, William M. Chadbourne, 
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Robinson. 

Others present included Mr. and Mrs. 
Montgomery Schuyler, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert 
Satterlee and Miss Satterlee, Judge Abram I. 
Elkus and Mrs. Elkus, Dr. and Mrs. Royal 
S. Copeland, Frederic H. Allen, Dr. and Mrs. 
John Thacher, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur H. Scrib- 
ner, Mrs. J. King Van Rensselaer, Mr. and 
Mrs. Stephen G. Williams and Miss Wyeth, 
Mr. and Mrs. Elbert H. Gary, Police Com- 
missioner Richard E. Enright and Mrs. En- 
right, William H. Edwards, Mr. and Mrs. 
Hamilton Holt and the Misses Holt, Louis 
Wiley, the Right Rev. Bishop and Mrs. Dar- 
lington, the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. William T. 
Manning, George Foster Peabody, Mr. and 
Mrs. R. I. Caldwell, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph 
Stuart Wortley, Gen. Daniel Appleton, Mr. 
and Mrs. Montgomery Schuyler, William 
Hester, Mrs. Herbert F. Gunnison and Miss 
Gunnison, Mr. and Mrs. Carr Van Anda, 
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Whitney Carpenter, 
British Consul Frederick Watson and Mrs. 
Watson, Judge Henry W. Herbert, Mr. and 
Mrs. Snowden Fahnestock, the Very Rev. 
Dean and Mrs. Robbins, Mr. and Mrs. 
Hubert Ves. 



New York Times, March 3, 1920. 
GRECIAN ART IS PICTURED. 



The American-Hellenic Society, founded 
during the war to promote a more intimate 
relationship between the two countries, is not 
content with merely opening an office and 
appointing a number of men to serve on the 
General Council. The exhibition at the Grand 
Central Palace is an eloquent witness to the 
intelligent activity of the young society, whose 
various publications had already contributed 
much to the information available for Ameri- 
can students of Greek affairs. 

The exhibition is admirably well balanced. 
The glories of ancient Greece have not blinded 
the society to the fact that it exists primarily 
to interest the public in Greece as it is today. 
The photographs are in themselves sufficient 
to kindle interest in the heart of Americans. 

The Stymphalian Lake, famous as the 
home of the man-eating birds destroyed by 
Hercules, and now to be used as the water 
supply for Athens, is one of the most interest- 
ing pictures in the exhibition. Side by side 
with Acheron, the stream of sighs and the 
spring of Peirene, which gushed forth at the 
stroke of Pegasus's hoof, the society has as- 
sembled a collection of modern Greek textiles. 



40 




Greek peasant embroidery and rug. From collection shown at the exhibition. 

41 



It is inevitable that the casual observer 
should always try to trace some subtle rela- 
tionship between the art of ancient and mod- 
ern Greece. While in this particular case 
such an effort requires a considerable stretch 
of the imagination, the very presence of mod- 
ern pottery and textiles is valuable in so far 
that it proves that Greece is not living en- 
tirely in the past. Of her political vitality 
Mr. Venizelos gave the members of the Peace 
Conference abundant evidence ; those who 
still question the existence of her commercial 
and artistic aspirations should visit this ex- 
hibition at the Grand Central Palace. 



New York Times, March 7, 1920. 

GREEK ART EXHIBIT 

NOW ON VIEW HERE 



Government's Photographs of Classic 

Wonders to be Seen at Grand 

Central Palace. 



MONASTERIES OF MT. ATHOS 



Ten Thousand Ascetics Perched High 

on a Rock Overlooking the 

Aegean Sea. 



It took the world war to make people real- 
ize how small the world is and how interde- 
pendent the different countries in it are. 
Since the war there has been a general at- 
tempt among countries to get better ac- 
quainted on peace lines, and by means of 
exhibits and pictures and visiting lecturers 
they are showing one to the other what really 
very good countries they are and how well 
worth knowing and how worthy of being ac- 
cepted as friends. It is a good way to pre- 
vent other world wars and in the meantime 
it is interesting. 

One of the smaller countries which is pre- 
senting its propaganda in this way at this 
time and chiefly in the way of pictures, actual 
photographs of the country, is Greece. Last 
year Greece took these pictures to Paris to 
introduce herself to the French people, and 
that was on the road to America, so she is 
showing her exhibit for the first time in 
.New York City, in the Grand Central Palace. 
It was opened there on March 1. 

Greece's wonderful ancient history inay 
have had the effect of lessening the interest 
of people of to-day who think of it only as a 
country of the past, much as they would 
regard the classical department of an art 
museum. Her wonderful ruins are shown, 
but there are also many views of the beautiful 
scenery, a combination of sea and rocks and 
vegetation which make it a delightful place 
to visit even for those who do not look be- 
neath the surface to the foundation laid by 
the past ages. 

Among the many interesting things which 
this pictured history of Greece places before 
the American people, perhaps the most pic- 
turesque are the monasteries. Actually it is 
said that there is a smaller proportion of 
priests to the number of people in Greece 
than in many other countries, but their 
monasteries date many hundreds of years 



back and have been carrying on their wor- 
ship, not only with the magnificent ritual of 
the Greek Church, but different ones with 
their peculiar forms of expression. 

There is, for instance, the Holy Mountain 
of Greece, Mount Athos, which is a promi- 
nence of monasteries. There are twenty of 
them on this great pillar of rock rising 6,300 
odd feet out of the sea, and they date back 
to the eighth century when the first one was 
founded by St. Athanasius. It is a wonderful 
mountain ; from the top looking out over the 
Aegean Sea is the most beautiful view in the 
world, says Professor Aristides Phoutrides, 
who is Professor of Greek Literature in the 
University of Athens, and was previously Pro- 
fessor of Latin and Greek in Harvard Uni- 
versity and who spent a month on Mount 
Athos. 

Not only are no women admitted to the 
monasteries on the holy mountain, but none 
may step foot upon it, and in their asceticism 
the monks have also banned all female crea- 
tures ; no cows, no hens may find a place 
here, and on estates at a distance are raised 
the livestock necessary for food products 
and special monks are detailed to look after 
them. Ten thousand men live on Mount 
Athos, 6,000 monks and their servants and 
attendants. There are twenty monasteries in 
all, one Russian, one Serbian, one Bulgarian 
and seventeen Greek. The mountain mon- 
asteries form a little democracy and have a 
central government, each monastery being 
represented by two delegates. The whole is 
under the dominion — spiritual only — of the 
Archbishop of Saloniki. 

These monasteries have been under the 
patronage of Czars, Kings and Emperors in 
long times past, and they have great treasures 
in gifts that have been made to them of rich 
vestments and church vessels, and have as 
well great riches in manuscripts of famous 
Greek literature. 

Everything about the lives of the Mount 
Athos monks is of the simplest. They are a 
strong, sturdy race of men, large in frame, 
ruddy in complexion and clear of eye, out- 
door workers, the entire mountain terraced 
by them and planted with chestnut groves 
and vineyards, with laurel and myrtle, blos- 
soming thick with roses, the brilliance of the 
flowers contrasting with the soft gray-green 
of the olive groves. The "Garden of the 
Virgin" they call the mountain. The Virgin 
is its patron saint, and to her are paid the 
highest honors. 

There are two classes of monks, the 
Coenobia, who live in a community life, who 
work and pray and eat together, the others 
are the Idiorrhythma, each monk having his 
allowance, and living, eating, working and 
praying alone. Aside from the monasteries, 
the mountain is filled with caves and grottos 
where the hermit monks live, the very sum- 
mit of the mountain having a single cave, 
solitary on its heights, where mass is cele- 
brated. 

The Meteora are the monasteries of another 
ascetic group of monks, the buildings perched 
on pillars of rock, 700 and 800 feet high, to 
which all the residents or visitors must be 
drawn up in large bags made of strong cord, 
worked by windlasses, ladders, which only the 
monks may use, serving in case of emergency. 

The Meteora were founded in the 13th 
century and there were at one time twenty- 
one of these monastery-crowned rock pillars, 



42 




Rug made by Greek peasant. 




Embroidery made by Greek women. 
From collection shown at exhibition. 

43 



but only five are now inhabited. The Greek 
Government photographs, made by the Swiss 
artist, Frederic Boissonnas, show these big 
net bags, carrying a passenger, in the air on 
the way to the Monastery on its rock pillar, 
while others show the station at the top 
where the landing is made. 

Another famous and picturesque elevated 
monastery is that of the great cave in the 
Peloponnesus on the side of a mountain over 
three thousand feet high. In the great cave, 
100 feet square, is the holy of holies of the 
monastery chapel visited by many pilgrims. 
This is the monastery founded by a shep- 
herdess. Euphrosyne, with the aid of Simeon 
and Theodore of Salpniki. The monks of 
Greece are strong nationalists and it was 
the monks of the Monastery of the Great 
Cave who repulsed the Egyptians in the great 
revolution of 1827. 

Moderx Greek Embroideries. 

In the Greek Exhibition at the Grand 
Central Palace the continuity of art feeling 
in Greece from the time of Minoan wall 
painting to the present century is represented 
chiefly by the weavings and embroideries. 
One of the members of the American-Hellenic 
Society, coming down from the mountains 
west of Sparta in the Summer of 1914, met a 
shepherd with his flock of the type immor- 
talized by Theocritus and learned from him 
the news of the outbreak of war, news that 
had reached him by courier after the fashion 
of centuries past. That is the way tradition 
lives, and the patterns on bags and pillows 
and blouses have reached the peasants who 
embroider them from the oldest times. A 
society to encourage Greek peasant embroid- 
eries of Attica and Boeotia was formed dur- 
ing the war in order to provide occupation for 
the women while labor on the fields was sus- 
pended. Mrs. Lucia Antony Zygomala, thor- 
oughly acquainted with the beautiful work of 
the past, organized the society and provided 
the country women of the various regions 
with work based on the ancient designs. 
Schools presently were erected to carry on 
this handicraft among the younger people, 
and in order to preserve in every village the 
ancient genuine type of design a principal is 
appointed from the same village out of those 
who are most skillful in the work. Carpet 
weaving also is taught according to the Asia 
Minor system, which is now introduced for 
the first time into the Greek villages. The 
embroideries are sold at the central office 
of the societv in Athens, Xo. 7 Parliament 
Street. 



New York Tribune, February 29, 1920. 

MODERX AND ANCIENT 

GREECE DEPICTED IN 

EXHIBITION HERE 



Ambassador Roussos to Entertain 
Diplomatic Corps and American-Hel- 
lenic Society at Opening To-day. 



Modern Greece, with its olive orchards and 
fishing fleets, as well as ancient Greece, with 
its ruins and remnants of prehistoric sculp- 
ture, mingle in the exhibition, under the 
auspices of the Greek government, which 
opens in the Grand Central Palace todav. 



The exhibition comes to America at the 
suggestion of Premier Venizelos. to counter- 
act the impression declared to be prevalent in 
this country that Greece is an affair of the 
first year of high school, concerned with ruins 
and ancient myths. 

Shepherds guiding their flocks up the steep 
slopes of Taygetus, horses watering in the 
river beneath Mount Olympus and farmers 
reaping in the Xemean fields studded with 
ruined columns, tell the story of the modern 
Greek. There is a photograph of the Stym- 
phalian Lake, which in ancient legend was 
filled with man-eating birds. Today the lake 
is part of the water supply system of the city 
of Athens, 150 miles away. 

A glimpse of Mount Taygetus brought a 
tale, not of Hercules, but of the last war, 
from the young Greek-American, who ex- 
plained the pictures to visitors yesterday. 

"I had been climbing this mountain in July, 
1914, and as I came down I met a shepherd 
with a flock of goats," he said. "He hailed 
me and shouted that war had broken out in 
Europe.'-' 



New York American, February 29,. 1920. 

LIVING GREECE THEME OF 
EXHIBIT 



Nation's Life and Art for 4.000 Years 
Is Revealed in Display Sent to Amer- 
ica by Premier Venizelos — Shows in 
Galleries. 

By Peytox Boswell. 

In order to correct the impression in the 
minds of most Americans that Greece, in the 
language of Byron, is "living Greece no more," 
Premier Venizelos has sent to this country an 
exhibition of magnificent art photographs of 
the country, together with a collection of art 
objects, which are now on exhibition in three 
large galleries that have been constructed on 
the tenth floor of the Grand Central Palace. 
The photographs are the work of the eminent 
artist, Frederic Boissonnas. They were on 
exhibition in the Boeotian Hall in Paris last 
summer during the Peace Conference. 

These photographs prove that Greece is not 
only living in her beauty, but that she is 
eternal. It is the same idyllic region that nur- 
tured a race of heroes and brought forth the 
most beautiful art the world has ever known. 
Of course, there are ruins, but nevertheless 
one is struck by the continuity that the ex- 
hibition displays of the Greek tradition, from 
2,500 B. C, down to the present day. And 
the very fact that the exhibition is here is 
proof that Greece is awake to her ancient 
heritage. 

* * * 

The visitor at this remarkable display 
wanders through Attica and the Peloponnesus, 
looking at Arcadian scenes and meeting with 
Spartan shepherds. He explores Phocis, 
climbs Mt. Parnassus and stops at Thermo- 
pylae. In Thessaly he journeys from the 
unique monasteries on the high precipitous 
rocks of Meteora to the idyllic Valley of 
Tempe. He ascends the highest peak of Mt. 
Olympus and stands by the seat of the gods, 
around which Jovian clouds hover. He sails 
from island to island in the Aegean and 
Ionian seas, as did Ulvsses and the heroes 



44 



of old. He sees the ancient palaces of Crete, 
which were the seats of a great civilization 
when ancient Athens was a village. 

The exhibition stirs the imagination. For 
instance, there is a picture of the Stymphalian 
Lake, and one thinks of man-eating birds with 
brazen claws and feathers, and expects Her- 
cules to appear, mighty archer, ready to de- 
liver the peaceful lake from this Legendary 
pest. But there are no man-eating birds am 
longer, and no Hercules — merely the lake, 
flooded with light, an idyl of beauty. 

On a table is a collection of swords, faith- 
ful copies of the originals in the National 
Museum of Athens, dating back nearly 4, (inn 
years. They might have been wielded by such 
men as Agememnon and Menelaus. 

The thanks of America are due to Premier 
Venizelos for bringing "living Greece" for us 
to see. 



Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Feb. 29. 1920. 

GREECE AT THE CxRAND 

CENTRAL PALACE 



It was Mesnard who planned our trip to 
Greece, and I presume no one could have done 
it better. A man of infinite patience, as you 
would suppose from his art, he gave himself 
up to the undertaking entirely and spent hours 
drawing an elaborate map of Greece from 
memory and explaining in detail the way to 
see the most picturesque places in Greece 
without exposing my mother to any hard- 
ships. We sailed one night from Brindisi and 
the next morning were following the moun- 
tainous Albanian coast. Corfu we reached 
about 10, and we landed and drove about the 
town. Late in the afternoon we left Corfu 
for Patras, where we arrived early in the 
morning. No portion of our travels in 
Greece did we enjoy more than our stay at 
Xauplia, which Mesnard had recommended as 
a place from which we could drive to so 
many of the historic spots of antiquity, to 
Argos, to Tiryns and Mycenae, to Epidaurus. 
It is a wonderland. Nature is more beautiful 
there than any other place I know. The 
costumes of the peasants, especially of the 
shepherds in their leather sandals and sheep- 
skin clothing, are so picturesque. Then the 
singing — the Eastern melodies, in which the 
intervals do not correspond to our musical 
scales — the religious processions (we were 
there just before Easter), the absolute beauty 
of it all keeps coming back to me. It seems 
more real than war and all the rumors of war. 
Such beauty is eternal. Later we went to 
Athens and from there again we drove out 
into the country to Daphne, to Eleusis and to 
Salamis. Had Claude Lorrain known Greece 
as he knew the Roman campagna the whole 
course of landscape art would have been 
changed. We would have been composing 
landscapes in terms of Greece, that marvel of 
marvels. The Acropolis at Athens, the Par- 
thenon, the Erechtheum are the loveliesl 
things which our Western civilization has 
made. When you see a bit of egg and dart 
molding from the Erechtheum the heart is 
stirred as much as the intellect. The molding 
is a living organic thing, although its maker 
has been dead these thousands of years. 

You who have seen Greece, and you, too. 
who have not. should go to the Grand Central 



Palace to see the exhibition of photographs 
of Greece which are being shown there by tin- 
Greek Government. Last summer the exhibi- 
tion was shown in Paris while tin- Peace Con- 
gress was in session. It was excellent propa- 
ganda. Venizelos is evidently no fool. 

The photographs, which are all large, have 
been taken by Frederic Boissonnas, an artist. 
They are beautifully done, beautifully shown. 
and bring back memories of beauty as few 
Other photographs do. Here- is the Parthenon, 
just after a rain, tin- marble floor reflecting 
the pillars and in the background the ln-av\ 
storm cloud passim.; away. In another view 
the Parthenon stands out light against a dark 
gray sky. brightened by a rainbow, and you 
almost see the prismatic colors, the values are 
all so true. Then there are pictures of 
Corinth and Aero-Corinth and the mountain 
ranges which make Greece so beautiful. Nor 
has Boissonnas ignored the picturesque quality 
of modern Greek life — the peasants, tin- 
weavers, weaving on old looms such as Pene- 
lope must have known. Old Greece has not 
entirely passed away. The modern Greek can 
read Herodotus. The modern Greek has fre- 
quently the Grecian nose of the Hermes of 
Praxiteles. It is most marked at Megara, but 
I noticed it throughout Attica. In Rome a 
later civilization and a new language have 
blotted out imperial Rome ; in Greece we still 
feel close to the epoch of Phidias. Go to the 
Grand Central Palace, but go when you have 
an abundance of time and steep in the beauty 
of Greece. 



The Evening Telegram, April 5, 1920. 
HELLENIC ANTIQUES. 



To the attractions of the Greek Govern- 
ment Exhibition at the Grand Central Palace 
has now been added a series of exquisitely 
embroidered and singularly picturesque na- 
tional Hellenic women's costumes of a costly 
description which have just arrived from 
Athens. There are also a number of dainty 
figurines of polychrome pottery excavated 
from the ruins of the palace of King Minos, 
on the Island of Crete. 

They demonstrate that the corset and crino- 
line of the fashion here in America, in France 
and in Great Britain forty years ago were in 
vogue in the native island of Greece's great 
statesman and Premier, Eleutherios Veni- 
zelos, more than twenty centuries before the 
Christian era, at a period coeval with the 
earlier dynasties of the Egyptian Pharaohs 
and the erection of the pyramids on tin- 
borders of the Libyan desert. 

So great has been the popular interest 
aroused by the Greek Government Exhibition 
at the Grand Central Palace, as manifested b\ 
the attendance, that Ambassador Rouss'os has 
decided to keep it open over the Easter holi- 
days and until Sunday, April IS. instead i>\ 
having it broughl to a close on tin- first day 
of this month, as originally arranged. Subse- 
quently, in response to pressing invitations re- 
ceived, it will be shown at public institutions 
in several other big cities. 

The educational value of the exhibition has 
been very great. Many thousands of college 

Students and instructors, as well as school 
children with their teachers, have attended. 
Greek government officials are in attendance 

to respond to requests for information. 



45 



The Evening Post, April 5, 1920. 

GREEK EXHIBIT SHOWS THAT 
THE IDYLLIC LAXD OF 
POETRY AND ART IS AWAKE 
TO THE DEMANDS OF MODERN 
LIFE. 



Like a butterfly unfolding from its tight 
cocoon the land of Homer is coming forth 
once more in color and beauty to take its 
place in the world of men. Although Greece, 
under the heels of many oppressors, has 
fluttered her wings hard and long to break the 
meshes which bound her, it is only within the 
last ten years that she has really emerged. 

In the Grand Central Palace there is on 
exhibition a collection of pictures, statuary and 
embroideries which represent both the Greece 
of ancient heroes and the Greece of today. 
This exhibition was arranged by the Greek 
Government and brought to this country for 
the purpose of convincing the rushing mind of 
America that the idyllic land of poetry and 
art, while still bathing in its ancient beauty 
and love of culture, is awake to the needs 
and inventions of the modern day. 

Side by side in the exhibition lie reproduc- 
tions of swords which belonged to such a one 
as Agamemnon in the early milleniums and 
the needle work of the Grecian woman of 
1919 A. D. It is like falling asleep after read- 
ing fairy tales and in your dreams peopling 
those tales with your own neighbors, to look 
at many of the pictures. There is the photo- 
graph of a scene so strangely ancient that to 
the modern mind it could be only the fanci- 
ful representation of a legend, and yet there 
in the dust of the mountain pasture is the 
modern goatherd leading his modern goats. 
Up from a valley trail, hung cool with the 
shade from almond and cypress tree, the priest 
of Zemenon comes with his reverent flock. 
From their vantage ground on the northern 
coast of Peloponnesus they look away to the 
Corinthian Gulf and that home of the ancient 
muses, Mount Parnassus, towering more than 
eight thousand feet toward the sky. Down 
in the valley below them or high on the 
valley slopes their crops are growing, which 
have been cultivated and will be harvested by 
the latest American machinery. 

Further on we find the ruins of the Temple 
of the Xemean Zeus, a national sanctuary, 
forming the background for a group of mod- 
ern wheat harvesters who have visited our 
Western plains and gone back to their be- 
loved Nemea to introduce and teach the more 
productive methods of farming. Glimpses of 
olive groves on the coast of Epirus, which 
seem fitting illustrations for some rare old 
Bible, carry with them their story of a new 
export trade which is being built up with the 
outside world. 

With only 20 per cent, of their land capable 
of cultivation the Greeks have found them- 
selves dependent upon the Far West for much 
of their grain, while they have been over- 
loaded with the products of the vine and the 
olive, fruit trees and tobacco. These products 
have always been congenial to their soil but 
have lacked the large markets necessary to 
insure adequate return. 



It was with the coming of Venizelos to the 
Premiership of Greece in 1910 that the first 
ominous cracks began to appear in the cocoon, 
but it was only after King Constantine — Ger- 
man in his sympathies and unwilling to repre- 
sent his people by entering the World War — 
had dismissed his Premier that the cocoon was 
finally broken. With the greater part of the 
country at his back, the dismissed Venizelos 
was able to form a provisional Government, 
and later saw Constantine's pro-Ally son, 
Alexander, placed upon the throne. That 
was in 1915, and since then the patriotism of 
the Greeks has known no bounds in its en- 
deavor to obliterate all signs of the insults 
and devastations to which their fair land has 
been subjected. 

One section of the exhibition is given over 
to the embroidery of the country women of 
Greece. Back in the earliest legends of the 
land the women are found at this work and 
through all the generations which have come 
and gone the work has kept true to type in 
the different villages. In 1915 Mrs. Lucia 
Antony Zygomala outlined a plan which 
should provide occupation during the time of 
suspension of labor in the fields. She under- 
took to supply all who were interested with 
trial embroidery work, and those who were 
skilled soon found ready markets for their 
work through an office which was opened in 
Athens for that purpose. 

For the younger women and girls schools 
were erected where they are being trained 
to every perfection in this ancient art of 
needlework. In order that the original and 
genuine type of design shall be preserved in 
each village, the principals of the schools are 
chosen locally and whatever design comes 
from a village today is sure to be the same as 
those which came from it in the days of 
the past. When the work is perfect in de- 
sign, execution and purpose, it too is dis- 
posed of in the Athens office. 

To the eye of the Western observer the 
dresses of the peasant women of Greece are 
"fit for a king," and they w r ould be worn 
gladly by any woman of fashion this side 
of the Atlantic, did she aspire to such 
grandeur. The Grecian designs are almost 
invariably space covering or "all overs," as 
the American student might say. The silk 
or cotton material on which they are em- 
broidered are things to be discovered only 
by a glimpse at the back of the work, for 
stitch presses on stitch so closely that the 
original goods are fairly overspun with a 
new weave. The colors are brilliant, red 
figuring in nearly all of the pieces, while gold 
thread is universally used for the crowning 
effect, being added on top of whatever has 
gone before. Again, in the white embroideries 
the linen is sometimes completely hidden or 
drawn out, the pattern seeming to have come 
into existence through a creative darning 
rather than through an application to an under 
material. 

As the exhibition unfolds before the eye 
it becomes more and more evident that the 
Greek people of today are doing credit to 
their far-famed forefathers in the assimila- 
tion of the old with the new. Nothing that 
was once thought lovely is to be allowed to 
perish, and nothing that makes for greater 
development or fuller living is to be neglected. 
The old cultural power of the past is still 
strong in this newly emerged race of the 
ancients. 



46 




SMYRNA.— The Aqueduct. 

47 




A VIEW NEAR ARTA. — A city in Epirus by the River Arachthus. According to a legend, 
to build the bridge, the wife of the builder had to be sacrificed. 




MEGASPELAEON.— Monaster 



Great Cave, 
centurv. 



Peloponnesus. 



fourth 



48 



CATALOGUE OF PHOTOGRAPHS 

By FREDERIC BOISSONNAS 



IN ordering photographs please give 
the serial number, (at the right) the 
size, and the kind of finish desired ; 
add to the price thirty cents for wrap- 
ping and mailing from one to five photo- 
graphs. The price-list appears on the 
last page. 

Attica 

The greater part of these photographs 
were taken in the years 1903-1910 in 
order to illustrate a work by D. Baud- 
Bovy Over Mountain and Dale in Greece 
(En Grece par Monts et par Vaux) with 
a preface by Th. Homolle and archaeo- 
logical notes by G. Nicole, (a large folio 
volume de luxe crowned by the French 
Academy and limited to 230 numbered 
copies. An Anglo-American edition, 
likewise limited in number, is in process 
of preparation. Subscriptions will be 
received by the Director of the exposi- 
tion).* 

1 Athens. — View taken from the foot of Mt. 
Hymettus (1028B). 

2 Athens. — The Acropolis and the Theseum 
(1917). 

3 Athens. — The Acropolis from the west 
(3). 

4 Athens. — The Acropolis from the south- 
west (5). 

5 Athens. — The Acropolis from the west 
(1969). 

6 Athens. — The Acropolis at sunset, seen 
from Lvcabettus (1). 

7 Athens.— The Temple of Athena (76). 

8 Athens. — The Temple of Athena from 
the north (1369). 

9 Athens. — The Propvlaea, Salamis at sun- 
set (81). 

10 Athens. — The Propvlaea and the Beule 
gate (6). 

11 Athens. — The Propvlaea from the east 
(78). 

12 Athens. — The Propvlaea from the east, 
at sunset (77). 

13 Athens. — The Propvlaea, the western por- 
tico (2003). 

14 Athens. — The Parthenon and the Wall of 
Cimon (2). 

15 Athens. — The Parthenon, west front (9). 

16 Athens. — The Parthenon, west and north 
(10). 

17 Athens. — The Parthenon, north and west 
(11). 

18 Athens. — The Parthenon, north side and 
west corner (14). 

19 Athens. — The Parthenon, north side and 
east front (15). 

20 Athens. — The Parthenon, northeast cor- 
ner (390). 

21 Athens.— The Parthenon, east front (18). 

* The phonographs taken by Mr. Boissonnas to 
illustrate the monograph of Maxime Collignon on 
the Parthenon published by Charles Eggiman, Paris, 

do not form part of this exhibition. 



21 Athens.- The Parthenon, t-ast front and 
the temple of Rome (1368). 

23 Athens. — The Parthenon and the Sacred 
Way (2000). 

24 Athens. — The Parthenon, north and easl 
(21). 

IS Athens. — The Parthenon, northeast cor- 
ner (22). 

26 Athens. — The Parthenon, interior of east 
front (23). 

27 Athens. — The Parthenon, interior of 
northeast corner. 

1^ Athens. — The Parthenon, interior of 
southeast corner with rainbow (25). 

29 Athens. — The Parthenon, interior, after 
the hurricane (26). 

30 Athens. — The Parthenon, interior of 
northeast corner (27). 

31 Athens. — The Parthenon, view from in- 
terior toward Phalerum (2002). 

32 Athens.— The Parthenon (30). 

33 Athens. — The Parthenon, west portico. 

34 Athens. — The Parthenon, west front. 

35 Athens. — The Parthenon, southwest cor- 
ner (38). 

36 Athens. — The Parthenon, southwest cor- 
ner (39). 

37 Athens. — The Parthenon, northeast cor- 
ner (41). 

38 Athens. — The Parthenon, frieze of west 
side, slab VIII (59). 

39 Athens. — The Parthenon, frieze of west 
side, slab IX (60). 

40 Athens.— Erechtheum. west front (1995). 

41 Athens. — Erechtheum, east portico (1367). 

42 Athens. — Erechtheum, north portico (72). 

43 Athens. — Erechtheum. north portico 
(1996). 

44 Athens. — Erechtheum, capital from north 
portico (74). 

45 Athens. — Erechtheum, the Carvatidae 
(75). 

46 Athens. — Theatre of Dionysus (84 i. 

47 Athens. — Theatre of Dionysus, Prosceni- 
um (85). 

48 Athens. — Acropolis, choragic columns, the 
wall of the Acropolis at left (1370). 

49 Athens.— The Olympiaeum I B 

50 Athens. — The Olvmpiaeum (89). 

51 Athens.— Tribune of the Pnvx (80). 

52 Athens.— Path to the Pnyx (79). 

53 Athens. — The Theseum and the Acropolis 
(2005). 

54 Athens. — The Theseum, west front (90). 

55 Athens. — Kaesariani (1027B). 

56 Peiraeus (T372H). 

57 Daphni. — The monastery (1025B). 

58 Eleusis. — The pass at sunset | 102' 

59 Eleusis. — The Larue Propylaea (171). 

60 Eleusis.— The Sanctuary (170). 

61 Eleusis.— The Small Propylaea (1991 

62 Aegina. — From the sea (1024). 

63 Rhamnus. — Temples o\ Nemesis and 
Themis (1977). 

o4 Rhamnus.— Temples of Nemesis and 
__ Themis 1 1 () 7S). 

65 Rhamnus.- Temple of Nemesis (1979). 

66 Sunium. — Temple of Neptune (332 

67 Sunium.- Temple of Neptune (333). 
08 Eubcea. — The Euripus at Chalcis i l- 

<> ( ) Eubcea. Sunrise on Mount Dirphis 
(184). 



Peloponnesus 

70 Corinth.— The Temple of Apollo (1974). 

71 Corinth and the Acrocorinth (1975). 

72 The Acrocorinth (1984). 

73 Mvcenae. — General view (243). 

74 Mycenae.— The Lion Gate (245). 

75 Mycenae. — Threshing the grain (250). 

76 Mvcenae. — The Agora (246). 

77 Mycenae.— The Treasury of Atreus (249). 

78 Argos. — Harvesting (123). 

79 Tiryns.— The Casemate (359). 

80 Tiryns. — The Casemate interior (362). 

81 Tiryns.— The Postern Gate (361). 

82 Tiryns.— The Main Gate (360). 

83 Tiryns.— The, Bathroom (363). 

84 Nauplia.— The Harbor (252). 

85 Nauplia. — The Island of Bouzi (253). 

86 Nemea.— The Bivouac (407). 

87 Nemea.— The Temple of Zeus (259). 

88 Nemea.— Threshing of Wheat (392). 

89 Stvmphalus. — Environs (331). 

90 Stymphalus.— The Lake (330). 

91 Pheneus.— The Lake (306). 

92 Pheneus. — The Monastery of St. George, 
church (308). 

93 Pheneus. — The Monasterv of St. George, 
church (309). 

94 Pheneus. — The Monasterv of St. George, 
church (310). 

95 Pheneus. — The Monasterv of St. George, 
church (311). 

96 Pheneus. — The Monasterv of St. George, 
church, The Abbot (307). 

97 The Styx (134). 

98 The Stvx. — A shepherd of Chelmos 
(135). 

99 Tegea.— Temple of Athena Alea (357). 

100 Sparta.— Flock of Goats (326). 

101 Sparta.— Resting at the Khan (327). 

102 Sparta.— At the Tomb of Leonidas (322). 

103 Sparta. — Taygetus and the Eurotas (324). 

104 Mistra.— Church of the Pantanassa (238). 

105 Mistra.— Church of the Pantanassa (239). 

106 Mistra.— The Priest (240). 

107 Mistra.— The Ruins (236). 

108 Taygetus. — A Caravan in the Pass of 
Tripi (335). 

109 Taygetus.— Hunter and Shepherd (337). 

110 Taygetus. — The Summit of the Pass with 
a view of Kalamata (338). 

111 Taygetus. — Shepherd with his Flock 
(325). 

112 Taygetus.— Church of Lada (340). 

113 Megalopolis.— Ford of the Elison (201). 

114 Carytaena and the Alpheus (196). 

115 Andritsena.— The Betrothed (113). 

116 Andritsena.— A Family (112). 

117 Andritsena.— The Veranda (117). 

118 Andritsena. — Weaving (115). 

119 Andritsena. — Smoking a Nargileh (109). 

120 Andritsena.— The Spring (108). 

121 Andritsena.— A Steep Path (110). 

122 Andritsena.— A Steep Path (111). 

123 Andritsena.— At Dusk (105). 

124 Bassae.— A Native and his Ass (121). 

125 Bassae.— An Old Shepherd (122). 

126 Bassae.— The Caravan (120). 

127 Bassae. — Temple of Apollo at Phigalea 
(128). 

128 Bassae. — Temple of Apollo at Phigalea 
(126). 

129 Platania.— The Spring (319). 

130 Platania. — The Plane Tree and the Foun- 
tain (318). 

131 Platania (320). 



132 Epidaurus. — Foundation of the Tholos of 
Aesculapius (178). 

133 Epidaurus. — The Tholos of Polvcletus 
(179). 

134 Epidaurus. — The Tholos of Polycletus 
ceiling (182). 

135 Epidaurus. — The Tholos of Polvcletus 
ceiling (181). 

136 Epidaurus. — The Tholos of Polvcletus 
frieze (180). 

137 Epidaurus. — The Theatre (175). 

138 Epidaurus. — The Theatre (177). 

139 Epidaurus.— The Theatre (174). 

140 Olympia.— The Temple of Zeus (266). 

141 Olympia. — The Temple of Zeus (267). 

142 Olympia. — The Temple of Zeus (268). 

143 Olvmpia. — The Treasuries (270). 

144 Olympia.— The Temple of Hera (264). 

145 Olympia. — The Altis, from Mount Kron- 
ion (265). 

146 Olvmpia. — The Entrance to the Stadium 
(269). 

147 Olympia.— The Alphaeus Ferry (263). 

148 Patras.— Fisherman's Boat (387). 

149 Patras (300) 

150 Patras (301). 

151 Patras (303). 

152 Patras (285). 

153 Patras (286). 

154 Patras.— The Harbor (304). 

155 Patras.— Sunset in the Harbor (284). 

156 Patras.— The Lighthouse (6280d.). 

157 The Gulf of Corinth (1966). 

158 The Gulf of Corinth at Trapeza (364). 

159 Megaspelaeon. — Terrace and Entrance 
(393). 

160 Megaspelaeon. — Byzantine Fountain (213). 

161 Megaspelaeon. — General View (205). 

162 Megaspelaeon. — General View (206). 

163 Megaspelaeon. — The Refectory (212). 

164 Akrata. — Sunrise on the Gulf of Corinth 
(92). 

165 Akrata. — The Gulf of Corinth and Mt. 
Parnassus (91). 

166 Akrata (94). 

167 Akrata.— An Old Olive Tree (96). 

168 Akrata.— Court of a House (101). 

169 Zemenon. — The Gulf of Corinth and Mt. 
Parnassus (365). 

170 Zemenon. — The Gulf of Corinth and Mt. 
Parnassus (372). 

171 Zemenon.— The Gulf of Corinth and Mt. 
Parnassus (371). 

172 Zemenon. — Chapel (366). 

173 Zemenon. — Chapel and Cvpress Trees 
(367). 

174 Zemenon. — Villagers (376). 

175 Zemenon. — Villagers (378). 

176 Zemenon. — The Fountain (379). 

177 Zemenon. — The Family of Priests (375). 

178 Zemenon. — Dinner with the Priests (370). 

179 Zemenon.— The Dance (382). 

180 Zemenon.— The Dance (383). 

Phocis 

181 Delphi.— The Gorge (159). 

182 Delphi.— The Temple of Apollo and the 
Phaedriadae (160). 

183 Delphi.— The Temple of Apollo, Founda- 
tion (161). 

184 Delphi. — The Treasurv of the Athenians 
(162). 

185 Delphi.— The Theatre (163). 

186 Delphi.— The Tholos of Marmaria (166). 



50 



187 Delphi.— The Tholos of Marmaria (167). 

188 Parnassus.— The Summit (279). 

189 Parnassus. — The Bivouac (275). 

190 Parnassus. — The Shepherds and their 
Guests (276). 

191 Thermopylae (350). 

192 Thermopylae.— The Asopus (124). 



Thessaly 

193 Thessaly.— Orphana (351). 

194 Thessaly.— An Old Time Cart (355). 

195 Thessaly.— Baba (352). 

196 Thessaly.— Baba (354). 

197 Thessaly. — Tempe, Entrance to the Vale 
(343). 

198 Thessaly.— Tempe. the Peneus (344). 

199 Thessaly.— Tempe. the Peneus (345). 

200 Thessaly.— Tempe. the Wood (346). 

201 Thessaly.— Tempe, the Wood (347). 

202 Thessaly. — Tempe, the Pool of the Gods 
(348). 

203 Thessaly. — Tempe, the Pool of the Faun 
(349). 

204 Thessaly. — The Upper Peneus (1735). 

205 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora 
(215). 

206 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora 
(216). 

207 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora 
(217). 

208 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora 
(218). 

209 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora 
(219). 

210 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
the Ladder (220). 

211 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora 
(222). 

212 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora 
(223). 

213 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagios Barlaam (225). 

214 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagios Stephanus (226). 

215 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagios Stephanus (227). 

216 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagios Stephanus (228). 

217 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagia Trias, the Rope Basket (229). 

218 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagia Trias (230). 

219 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagia Trias, the Windlass (231). 

220 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora. 
Hagia Trias, the Windlass (232). 

221 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Hagia Mone (1739). 

222 Thessaly. — The Monasteries of Meteora, 
Sunset (1741). 



Mount Olympus 

It was Reclus, who, if I am not mis- 
taken, declared that Mount Olympus was 
less known than Mount Ruwenzori, 
because of the insecurity resulting from 
the Turkish regime. In 1913, thanks to 
the order reestablished in these regions 
by the victorious Greek army, Messrs. 
Boissonnas and Baud-Bovy were able to 
make the first ascension of the highest 
summit, as yet unsealed, of this Moun- 



tain of the Gods. The study of the 
heights and lower reaches of Mt. Olym- 
pus will be completed in the near future 
and published in a monograph which 
will appear in 1920. 

223 Mt. Olympus. — Seen from Larissa (356). 

224 Mt. Olympus. — Seen from the Shore 
(1811). 

225 Mt. Olympus. — The Monastery of St. 
Dionysius (1838). 

226 Mt. Olympus. — The Summits, facing east 
(1848). 

227 Mt. Olympus. — Saint Elias and the Mea- 
dow of the Gods (1852). 

228 Mt. Olympus. — Zeus the Cloud Gatherer 
(1853). 

229 Mt. Olympus. — The Throne of Hera 
(1855). 

230 Mt. Olympus.— The Black Peak (1856). 

231 Mt. Olympus. — The Chamois Hunter 
(1866). 

232 Mt. Olympus. — In the Gorge of Olympus 
(1888). 

233 Mt. Olympus.— The Pass of the Klephts 
(1891). 

234 Mt. Olympus. — The Precipices of the 
Central Peak, East Side (1904). 

235 Mt. Olympus.— The Central Peak, West 
Side (1905). 

236 Mt. Olympus.— The Spinners (1824). 

237 Mt. Olympus. — A Shepherd on the Shore 
(1808). 

238 Mt. Olympus.— The Hunters (1861). 



Macedonia — Salonika 

All these photographs, as well as 
some not yet published, form an album, 
devoted to Salonika, consisting of 40 
plates in heliogravure with an introduc- 
tion by Daniel Baud-Bovy. This, and 
a similar work on Epirus. form parts of 
a series published under the title. 
LTmage de la Grece. In consequence of 
the great fire of 1917 which destroyed 
a large part of the city and in particular 
the incomparable Basilica of St. Deme- 
trius, this work, which is about to be 
published, gains great documentary 
value. 

239 Salonika. — Seen from the Harbor (1756). 

240 Salonika.— The Citadel (1774C). 

241 Salonika. — The Arch of Triumph, in 
perspective (1778A). 

242 Salonika. — Detail of the Arch of Triumph 
(1778B). 

243 Salonika.— Church of St. Sophia (1781). 

244 Salonika. — Church of St. Sophia. Mosaic 
of the Cupola (1783A). 

245 Salonika. — Church of St. Sophia, Mosaic 
of the Narthex (1783B). 

246 Salonika.— Church of St. George (1785 V 

247 Salonika. — Church of St. George, interior 
(1787). 

248 Salonika. — Church of St. George, Mosaic 
(1789D). 

249 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius 
(1797A). 

250 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius 
(1797C). 



51 



251 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius 
(1797D). 

252 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius 
(1797E). 

253 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius 
(1797F). 

254 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius 
(1797G). 

255 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius 
(1797H). 

256 Salonika. — Church of St. Demetrius, 
Mosaic (1798). 

257 Melnik (1962). 

258 Melnik (1963). 

Epirus, Cradle of the Greeks 

(An album of 100 heliogravures with an 
introduction by Daniel Baud-Bovy). 

In 1913 Messrs. Boissonnas and Baud- 
Bovy travelled all over Epirus, and in 
particular Northern Epirus from Delvino 
to Konitsa bv way of Argyrocastro and 
Delvinaki in order to show by photo- 
graphs the beauties of this region, little 
known, and to demonstrate the Greek 
character of its population. 

"One must have travelled through 
Epirus," says Baud-Bovy in his introduc- 
tion, "and have been entertained, at the 
close of a day's journey, by the chief men 
of the towns and villages in order to 
understand the greatness of the civilizing 
work of which Mr. Venizelos is the 
apostle." "Our property," so the peas- 
ants told us, "our children, our very life 
was in danger; now we are in heaven." 

"Thus, from Delvino to Metzovo, from 
Preveza to Konitsa, we had always the 
impression that we were beholding a 
people rescued from an inferno and re- 
stored to hope, joy, and a feeling of 
national unity." 

259 Arta. — Church of the Virgin of Consola- 
tion (1517A). 

260 Arta. — Church of the Virgin of Consola- 
tion, interior (1561 A). 

261 Arta. — Bridge over the Arachthus (1559). 

262 Preveza.— The Fortifications (1499). 

263 Preveza. — Olive Grove on the Shore 
(1500). 

264 The Louros and the Buffaloes (1511D). 

265 Nicopolis. — The Palace of Augustus 
(1495). 

266 Nicopolis. — The Palace of Augustus 
(1496). 

267 Zalongo. — Ruins of Cassope (1493). 

268 Zalongo. — The Souliote Women's Rock 
(1492). 

269 Parga (1466). 

270 Parga. — Olive Grove on the Shore 
(1464). 

271 Parga.— The Harbor (1467). 

272 The Acheron (1481). 

273 Passaron (1606). 

274 Pandosia (1473). 

275 Castri. — Church ruined by the Turks 
(1474). 

276 Gorge of the Cocytus (1477). 

277 The Calamas and the Gorge of Philiatae 
(1447). 



278 Philiatae (1437). 

279 Paramythia. — C aravan of Epirote 
Nomads (1460). 

280 Paramythia (1458). 

281 Paramythia. — House of George Ringas 
(1456). 

282 Mossotitsa. — The Pass on the Road to 
Jannina (1523). 

283 Bizani. — Near Jannina (1524). 

284 Jannina and the Lake (1528). 

285 Jannina. — The Castle on the Lake 
(1531B). 

286 Jannina. — Monastery on the Island where 
AH Pasha was killed (1533). 

287 Jannina. — Monastery of St. John (1534). 

288 Jannina. — The Castle on the Lake (1543). 

289 Jannina.— The Lake by Moonlight (1683). 

290 Jannina. — St. Nicholas Charalambos 
(1703). 

291 Dodona. — The Sanctuary and Mt. 
Tomaros (1568). 

292 Dodona.— The Oak Forest (1569). 

293 Dodona. — Chapel in the Forest (1570). 

294 Zagori. — Cavaleri and Pindus (1579). 

295 Zagori.— The Viossa River (1581). 

296 Zagori.— Gorge of the Vicos (1589A). 

297 Zagori.— Gorge of the Vicos (1590). 

298 Zagori.— Gorge of the Vicos (1591). 

299 Zagori. — The Mountain at Sunset (1594). 

300 Konitsa.— The Gorge (1681 bis). 

301 Delvinaki.— The Cloister (1603). 

302 Delvinaki.— A Greek Dance (1601G). 

303 Delvinaki.— A Greek Dance (1601E). 

304 Delvino (1634). 

305 Delvino (1636). 

306 Delvino. — Ruins of Phoenice (1639). 

307 Argyrocastro (1646). 

308 Mt. Pindus.— Rapids of the Arachthus 
(1712). 

309 Mt. Pindus.— The Arachthus (1710). 

310 Mt. Pindus. — Metsovo and the Summits 
of Pindus (1716). 

311 Mt. Pindus.— The Khan of Said Pasha 
(1729). 

312 Alt. Pindus.— The Bivouac (1734). 

The Cyclades 

Messrs. Boissonas and Baud-Bovy 
visited the Cyclades and Crete in 1910 in 
order to obtain photographs to illustrate 
the work entitled From the Cyclades to 
Crete at the Will of the Wind ( Des 
Cyclades en Crete an gre dn vent), with 
a preface by Gustave Fougeres, Director 
of the French School in Athens and with 
archaeological notes by G. Nicole. 

This book, like En Grccc par Monts et 
par Vanx, will form a large folio volume 
of 250 pages, with 40 heliogravure 
plates. There will be issued 160 num- 
bered copies on hand-made paper made 
by the Arches paper mills. This edition 
has been almost entirely subscribed for, 
but a few copies will be on sale in March 
at 1,000 francs each. 

313 Syra.— The Harbor (1030H). 

314 Tenos.— Kardiani, interior (1042). 

315 Tenos (1046). 

316 Tenos.— Court of the Cathedral (1052D). 

317 Mykonos. — Fishermen (1056C). 

318 Mykonos.— The Harbor (1056D). 

319 Mykonos.— The Mills (1057B). 



52 



320 
321 

322 

323 

324 
325 

326 

327 

328 

329 
330 

331 

332 
333 
334 

335 
336 

337 
33$ 
339 
340 
341 
342 
343 

344 
345 
346 

347 

348 

349 
350 
351 

352 

353 

354 

355 
356 
357 
358 

359 

360 

361 

362 
363 
364 
3(6 
366 

368 
369 

370 

371 



Mykonos. — General View (1058A). 

Mykonos.— The Wells (1061). 

Delos. — Foundation of the Temple of 

Apollo (1064A). 

Delos. — Artemisium and the Sacred 

Harbor (1065). 

Delos. — Peristyle of a House near the 

Theatre (1067). 

Delos. — Cave-like Temple on Mt. ( vnthus 

(1068). 

Delos. — Sunrise on Mt. Cynthus (1069). 

Delos. — Foundation of Temple of Apollo 

(1072). 

Delos. — Foundation of Temple of Apollo 

(1073). 

Delos.— The Sacred Lake (1074). 

Delos. — The Lions of the Sacred Lake 

(1074). 

Delos. — The School of the Poseidoniastae 

(1077). 

Delos.— An Altar (1079). 

Delos.— The House of Dionysus (1080B). 

Delos. — Portico adjoining the Sacred 

Lake (1086). 

Delos.— The Excavations (1088). 

Delos. — General View of the Terrace of 

the Temple of the Foreign Gods (1089). 

Delos.— The Harbor at Twilight (1090B). 

Naxos.— (1097B). 

Naxos (1097F). 

Naxos.— Calamitsa (1102). 

Naxos.— Chalki (1104). 

Naxos.— Chalki (1106). 

Xaxos. — The Summit of the Mountain of 

Zeus (1108). 

Xaxos. — Seen from the Sea (1110). 

Paros. — The Quarries (1113). 

Paros. — The Church with the Hundred 

Doors (1115). 

Paros. — The Frankish Tower of the 

Castle of Parcekia (1117A). 

Paros. — The Frankish Tower of the 

Castle of Parcekia (1117B). 

Paros.— Our Little Boat (1118A). 

Antiparos. — The Channel (1119C). 

Antiparos. — The Grotto of the Marquis 

de Nointel (1220). 

Amorgos. — The Acropolis (1133). 

Amorgos. — The Street of the Wells 

(1134). 

Amorgos. — Monastery of the Panagia 

(1135). 

Amorgos.— A Farm (1140). 

Amorgos. — The Shore near Castri (1145). 

Amorgos. — Katapolis (114 C M. 

Xios (Ios.).— An 

(1155A). 

Xios (Ios). — An 

(1155E). 

Nios (Ios). — At the Tomb of Homer 

(1158). 

Sikinos. — Temple 

(1162). 

Sikinos. — Temple of Apollo (1163). 

Seriphus. — At Sunrise (1221). 

Santorin.— The Harbor (1185). 

Santorin. Apanomeria (1166). 

Santorin. — The Island seen from St. Elias 

(1167). 

Santorin. The Sea seen from St. Elias 422 

(1168). 

Monastery 



Old-style Cost u m e 
Old-stvle Costume 



of Apollo, entrance 



Santorin. — The 

(1169). 

Santorin. — The Monaster 

(1170). 
Santorin-Thera 



,f St. Elia 



of St. Elias 



372 

373 
374 
375 
376 
377 
37$ 
379 
380 
381 
3$2 
383 
384 
385 
386 
387 
388 

389 

390 

391 



392 
393 
394 
395 
396 

397 
398 
399 
400 
401 
402 
403 
404 
405 
406 

407 

408 

409 

410 

411 

412 

413 

414 

415 
416 
417 
418 

416 

420 
421 



Santorin-Thera (1175). 

Santorin-Thera (1176). 

Santorin-Thera ( 1 177 | . 

Santorin-Thera (1178). 

Santorin-Thera (1179). 

Santorin.— The Harbor (1182). 

Santorin.- Kaumene (1183A). 

Santorin. Kaumene (U83B). 

.Santorin. -Kaumene (1183C). 

Santorin.— Our Boat (1184). 

Santorin.— Phera (11891; i 

Santorin.— Phera (1191 A). 

Santorin.— Phera (1191B). 

Santorin.— Phera (1192). 

Melos (1199). 

Melos.— Sunset on the Island (1198). 

Melos. — Little Prehistoric Harbor at 

Philakopi (1201A). 

Melos. — Little Prehistoric Harbor at 

Philakopi (1201D). 

Melos. — The Region where the Venus 

was found (1205). 

Melos. The Theatre (1206B). 

Crete 

Crete. — Canea, the Harbor (1224). 
Crete. — Canea, the Venetian Piers (1227). 
Crete.— Acroteri, Tilling the Felds (1235). 
Crete.— Lakki, Pallikaria (1242). 
Crete. — Lakki, interior of the Mandakas 
House (1244). 

Crete. — Lakki, Young Pallikaria (1257). 
Crete. — Valley of the Vryson (1261). 
Crete. — Asquipho (1263). 
Crete.— The Plain of Alikianu (1260). 
Crete. — Gorge of Asquipho (1265). 
Crete.— Sphakia (1266). 
Crete.— Sphakia (1268). 
Crete.— Plakkia (1273). 
Crete.— Plakkia (1274). 
Crete. — Monastery of Preveli, the Orange 
Tree (1276). 

Crete. — Monastery of Preveli, the Vine 
Trellis (1277). 

Crete. — Monastery of Preveli, the Gar- 
dens (1279). 

Crete. — Monastery of Preveli. the Ter- 
race (1280). 

Crete. — Monastery of Preveli. View 
Southern Sea (1281). 
Crete. — Monastery of 
(1282). 

Crete. — Monaster v oi 
(1283). 

Crete. — Monastery of 
Harvest (1284)." 
Crete. -Monastery of 
(1289). 

Crete. -The Southern Coast ( 1291 }. 
Crete.— Vasos and Mount Ida (1292). 
Crete.— Hagia Triada, Mount Ida (1297). 
Crete. Hagia Triada, Genera] View of 
the Ruins of the Palace ( 1298). 
Crete. Phaestos, General View of the 
Ruins of the Palace (1509). 
Crete. Phaestos. the Storerooms (1310). 

Crete. Phaestos, Exil from the Store 

rooms to the Court ( 1312 > . 

Crete. Phaestos, Exit from the Store 

rooms to the ( lourl ( 1313 ). 



if the 

Preveli. the Church 
Preveli. the Abbot 
Preveli, the 

Preveli, the 



Oli 



( avr of I lertnes < 1 172 ). 



423 

424 

425 
426 



Santorin-Thera (1173) 



Crete. Phaestos, 

Crete. Phaestos, 

(1316). 

Crete. Phaestos, 

Crete. Phaestos, 

(1318). 



an Exhedra i 131-4 ). 
the Belvedere Portico 

the ( '■> neconitis ( 1317 i 

the Double Stair\\.»\ 



S3 



Messara 
Pythian 
Pythian 



the Stairway (1338) 
the Megaron of 



the 



427 Crete.— Phaestos, a Jar (1319). 

428 Crete.— Phaestos, the Plain of 
(1320). 

429 Crete.— Gortyn, Temple of the 
Apollo (1323). 

430 Crete.— Gortyn, Temple of the 
Apollo (1324). 

431 Crete.— Gortyn, the Law (1326). 

432 Crete.— Gortyn, the Law (1327). 

433 Crete.— Gortyn, the Basilica (1328). 

434 Crete.— Gortyn, a Statue (1329A). 

435 Crete.— Gortyn, a Statue (1329B). 

436 Crete. — Cnossos (1337). 

437 Crete. — Cnossos, 

438 Crete. — Cnossos, 
Queen (1339). 

439 Crete.— Cnossos, the Hall of the Double 
Axe (1340). 

440 Crete. — Cnossos, the Storerooms (1345 A). 

441 Crete. — Cnossos, the Storerooms (1345B). 

442 Crete. — Cnossos, the Corridor of the 
Storerooms (1344). 

443 Crete. — Cnossos, the Throne Room 
(1342). 

444 Crete.— The Accursed Cape (1350). 

445 Crete.— The Sylene (1355). 

446 Crete.— Lato (1356). 

447 Crete.— Lato (1357A). 

448 Crete.— Lato (1357B). 

449 Candia.— The Harbor (1361D). 

Odyssey 

The considerable success of his book, 
The Phoenicians and the Odyssey (Les 
Pheniciens et VOdyssee) has tempted Mr. 
Victor Berard to take this subject up 
again and enlarge it on the basis of a 
series of photographic documents gath- 
ered under his direction. 

In company with Frederic Boissonnas, 
verifying on the spot his scientific deduc- 
tions and controling his previous dis- 
coveries, he has in a cruise of three 
months repeated the voyage of Odysseus. 
The work, entitled L'Odyssee, in which 
he demonstrates, with the proofs at hand, 
the soundness of his theories, will be 
supplemented by a translation of the im- 
mortal poem, which he has recently fin- 
ished. This monument, raised to the 
glory of Homer, will thus have a charac- 
ter of its own, which will deservedly give 
it a place in all libraries. 

It will soon be offered for general sub- 
scription. Those who desire to receive 
the prospectus are asked to leave their 
names with the Director in charge of the 
Exhibition. 

450 Corfu. — The Acropolis of Alcinous. 
Palaeokastritsa (797 Od). 

451 Corfu.— Palaeokastritsa (136). 

452 Corfu. — The City of the Phaeacians 
(808 Od). 

453 Corfu. — The Gardens of Alcinous 
(769 Od). 



454 

455 

456 

457 

458 

459 
460 
461 
462 
463 

464 
465 
466 
467 
468 
469 
470 
471 

472 

473 

474 
475 
476 
478 
477 

479 
480 
481 

482 
483 
484 
485 

486 

487 
488 
489 
490 

491 
492 
493 
494 

495 

496 
497 
498 



499 

500 

501 
502 
503 

504 



Corfu. — The Monastery of Palaeokastritsa 
(802 Od). 

Corfu. — The Monastery of Palaeokastritsa 
(140). 

Corfu.— Mount San Angelo (790 Od). 
Corfu. — Palaeokastritsa, the Harbor of 
the Monastery (788 Od). 
Corfu. — Ermones, Nausikaa's Shore 
(822 Od). 

Corfu.— The Old Olive Tree (138). 
Corfu. — The Shepherdess (137). 
Shepherdess (139). 
(826 Od). 
from the Canone 



-The 



Corfu. 

Corfu. — The Citadel 

Corfu. — The View 

(143). 

Corfu.— The Well of Gastouri (147). 

Corfu.— At Gastouri (149). 

Corfu— Ipso (154). 

Corfu.— At Gastouri (151). 

Corfu.— Spartila (184). 

Corfu. — Spartila (155). 

Leucas.— Port Vliko (866 Od). 

Leucas. — The Olive Trees of Port Vliko 

(848 Od). 

Leucas. — View from the Summit of 

Maiomenos (863 Od). 

Leucas. — View from the Summit of 

Maiomenos (864 Od). 

Leucas.— Maduri (308 Od). 

Leucas and Meganisi (875 Od). 

Meganisi.— The Harbor (855 Od). 

Meganisi. — Porto Viscardo (891 Od). 

Cephalonia. — The Castle of Robert 

Guiscart (894 Od). 

Cephalonia. — Samos (133). 

Cephalonia.— The Sea Mill (132). 

Ithaca. — Polis, the Acropolis of Odysseus 

(191). 

Ithaca.— Mount Aetos (188). 

Ithaca.— Port Polis (189). 

Ithaca.— Port Phrikais (192). 

Ithaca. — Dexia, the Grotto of the Nymphs 

(929 Od). 

Ithaca. — Under the Crow's Rock. The 

Shelter of Eumaeus (952 Od). 

Ithaca and Cephalonia (186). 

Ithaca.— Dexia Bay (927 Od). 

Ithaca.— Gathering Olives (914 Od). 

Ithaca. — View from Porto Viscardo 

(892 Od). 

Samikon. — The Sandy Shore (670 Od). 

Samikon. — The Lagoons (701 Od). 

Samikon.— The Sandy Road (700 Od). 

Gabes. — The Harbor of the Lotus-eaters 

(975 Od). 

Gabes. — In the Land of the Lotos-eaters 

(961 Od). 

Djerba.— The Lotos-eaters (974 Od). 

Djerba.— Sunrise (1040 Od). 

Carthage. — View from the Height of 

Byrsa at Sunrise. Fleet of Odysseus or 

Aeneas (1365 Od). 

Lipari. — Straits of Vulcan — Pietra Longa 

(545 Od). 

Stromboli— The Island of Aeolus 

(571 Od). 

Capri. — The Faraglioni (332 Od). 

Monte Circeo at Sunset (724 Od). 

Nisida.— Entrance to the Port, at night 

(264 Od). 

At Sea.— Off Cape Malea. The Anger 

of Zeus (1023 Od). 



54 



505 At Sea.— Poseidon's Trident (1062Od). 

506 Al Sea.— The Trinacrian Sea (1017 Od). 

507 At Sea.— In sight of Cythera (1065Od). 

508 At Sea. — The Messenger of Zeus 
(1067 Od). 

509 At Sea.— The Sea of Crete (1066Od). 

510 At Sea.— The Sea of Delos (1053 Od). 

511 The Gulf of Benzus. The Grotto with 
the Four Fountains ( { )2 Od). 

Museums 

512 Athens. Acropolis Museum, Core (1391). 

513 Athens. — Acropolis Museum, Athena and 
the Giant (1398). 

514 Athens. — Acropolis Museum, (Ore (1400). 

515 Athens. — Acropolis Museum, (Ore (1393). 

516 Athens. Acropolis Museum. (ore of 
Euthydikos, called "The Pouter" (1399). 

517 Athens.- Acropolis Museum, Artemis of 
Delos (1403). 

518 Athens. --Acropolis Museum, Moscho- 
phoros (1392). 

519 Athens. — National Museum, Xike of Delos 
(1401). 

520 Athens. — National Museum, Apollo Ptoos 
(1402). 

521 Athens. — National Museum, Fighting 
Warrior (1409). 

522 Athens. — National Museum, Poseidon of 
Melos (1416). 

523 Athens. — National Museum, Poseidon of 
Melos (1412). 

524 Athens. — National Museum, Diadoumenos 
of Delos ; copy of an original bv Poly- 
cletus (1412). 

525' Athens. — National Museum, Muse of 
Delos (1410). 

526 Athens. — National Museum, Muse of 
Delos (1410 bis). 

527 Athens. — National Museum. Hermes of 
Andros (1415). 

528 Athens.— National Museum, Stele of the 
Naxian (1404). 

529 Athens.— National Museum, Charioteer of 
Delphi (164). 

530 Athens.— National Museum, Nike (1406). 

531 Athens. — National Museum. Athena Par- 
thenos, profile (69). 

532 Athens.— National Museum, Athena Par- 
thenos, front (70). 

533 Athens. — Museum of the Acropolis, Vic- 
tory Binding her Sandal (1394). 

534 Athens.— Museum of the Acropolis. Vic- 
tory with the Calf (1395). 

535 Museum of Kleusis.— Cistophoros (173). 
5M) Museum of Kleusis.— Demeter (172). 

537 Museum of Eleusis.— Demeter, Tripto- 
lemus and ("ore (650). 

538 Crete.— Candia. Relief, Head of Bull 
(1379B). 

539 Crete. Candia, the Priestesses, Glazed 
Faience Statuettes (1381). 

540 Crete.— Candia, Amphorae (1382). 

541 Crete.— Candia. Rhyton in Steatite found 
at Cnossos ( 13S3). 

542 Crete.— Candia. Frescoes of Women Sing- 
ers (1384». 

543 Crete.— Candia, Rhyton in Steatite from 
Hagia Triada (1385 1 1 i. 

544 Crete.- Candia, Frieze of Cavaliers 
(1387). 

545 Crete.— Candia, Frieze of Chariots (1388). 

546 Crete. Candia. Mask of a I. ion (1388). 

547 Athens. ( h, j t s place in the Parthenon) 

The Frieze of the West Front. 



Price List of Photographs 
of Greece 



Platinum paper. 
Carbon paper (red, 

terra-cotta, sepia, 

blue, green ). 

( arhou paper ( colored ) 
morning or evening 
effects. 

Oil, Artist's proof. 



50x60 30x40 18x24 
cm. cm. cm. 
$5.00 $3.75 $2.50 



S.00 



15.oo lo.oo 5.00 
25.011 1 5.( in 7.50 



Works Illustrated and Edited by 
Frederic Boissonnas at Geneva 

(i. Fatio. La Campagne genevoise, edition 

exhausted (second-hand Fr. 120-150). 
(i. Fatio. Geneve a travers les Siecles, edition 

exhausted (second-hand Fr. 75-100). 

(i. Fatio. — Autour du lac Leman, edition ex- 
hausted (second-hand Fr. 75-100). 

I). Baud-Bovy. — L'ancienne ficole genevoise 
de peinture (60 pi. Fr. 25). 

D. Baud-Bovy. — Peintres genevois, Edit. 
Journal de Geneve. 

I Liotard. Huher, St-Ours, de la Rive 
(Fr. 35). 
II Adam Toppfer, Massot, Agasse 
(Fr. 35). 

D. Baud-Bovy. — Album des caricatures politi- 
coes d' A. Toppfer (Fr. 30). 

D. Baud-Bovy. — En Grece par Monts et par 
Vaux, folio, exhausted. 

D. Baud-Bovy. — Des Cyclades en Crete an 
gre du vent (Fr. 1000). 

Albert Xaef. — Le Chateau d'Avenches. 60 
pi. (exhausted — second-hand Fr. 50-60). 

Albert Xaef. — Chillon, La camera domini 
(Fr. 60). 

F. Barbey. — La route du Simplon, exhausted. 

L. Yaillat— La Savois (I & II exhausted, 
second-hand Fr. 100-120). 

William Ritter.— Edmond de Pury (Fr. 36). 

Alexis Forel. — Sculpteurs romands. Croquis 
de route a travers la France. Two 
magnificent volumes, illustrated bv Mme. 
Em. Forel (Fr. 120). 

Paysages et Monuments de Grece, 14 pochettes 
d 'images miniature en cartes postales, en 
fiches ou sur papier gomtne (Fr. 18). 

L'Image de la Grece. — Album No. 1, L'Epire, 
100 heliogravures (Fr. 10). 

L'Image de la Grece.— Album No. 2. Salonique 
(in press) ( Fr. 10). 

Prospectuses of other Albums in preparation. 

In Preparation 

Colonel F. Feyler. -Le front de Macedoine et 
le Skra di Legen. 

Victor Berard. — L/< )dyssee. 

Louis Bertrand.- Saint Augustin. 

William kilter. I. a Villa Valmaraua et la 
jeunesse de Tiepolo. 

I). Baud-Bovy. L'Olympe. 

I). Baud-Bovy. La Grece pittoresque * (edi- 
tion populaire). 

I). Baud Bovy. Le Centenaire de la Guerre 
de P [ndependance I 1821 1921 }. 

Alphonse Bernoud, Dr. es Sc. I. a Science 
Hellene a travers les ages. 
Address : 

M. Fred. Boissonnas 
Photographe Editeur 

4 Quai de la Poste 4, 
( ieneve. 



55 




Photographed by Taponier 



HIS EXCELLENCY, ELEUTHERIOS VENIZELOS, 
PRIME MINISTER OF GREECE. 






56 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



020 147 079 1 




Gathering Olives 



) 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



020 147 079 1 



Hollinger Corp. 
P H8.5 



